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9th Period - Third Dynasty of Portugal -
House of Habsburg
(16th Century to 17th Century)
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| 16th C. |
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| 1580 |
18th June - Alentejo towns of Arronches, Campo Maior, Elvas, Olivença, and Juromenha, accepts claim of Spanish King Dom Felipe II to the Portuguese throne |
| 1580 |
27th June - Spanish army invades Portugal led by Fernando Alvarez de Toledo (Duke of Alba) - occupy Arraiolos, Évora and Montemor and Vila Viçosa |
| 1580 |
27th July - Spanish forces occupy Setúbal and also district of Algarve |
| 1580 |
Fortress of Saint Julian in Lisbon surrenders to Spanish naval forces |
| 1580 |
19th July - Portuguese nobility split between supporting Dom António, Prior de Crato, and Don Felipe II the King of Castile as grandson of Dom Manuel I of Portugal. Dom António is provisionally acclaimed by remaining loyal forces in Santarém and Elvas as King of Portugal |
| 1580 |
25th August - Battle of Alcântara - superior Spanish army led by Duke of Alba defeats the Portuguese forces of Dom António |
| 1580 |
3rd September - Spanish forces occupy Porto |
| 1580 |
22nd October - Dom António flees to Viana do Foz do Lima |
| 1581 |
Don Felipe II of Spain declares Portugal joined under the reign of the Spanish crown which is agreed at the "Cortes" held in Tomar |
| 1581 |
16th April - Felipe I (1581 - 1598) - First of the House of Habsburg and at the same time also the King Felipe II of Spain - (mother was daughter of Manuel I) |
| 1581 |
10th May - Dom António, Prior de Crato, flees to England from Setúbal and then to France and later to Azores |
| 1581 |
December - Dom Felipe I visits Lisbon for the first time |
| 17th C. |
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| 1581 |
23rd April - Don Diogo, son of Dom Felipe I is acknowledged by the "Cortes" of Tomar as the future successor to his father of the throne of Portugal |
| 1581 |
25th July - Battle of Salga (Terceira Island) - The Azores refuse to recognise Dom Felipe I as their new King and Spanish army led by Don Pedro de Valdés are forced back to their ships by confusion caused on the beach by a suggestion made by the local priest, Father Pedro. |
| 1581 |
Conde de Vimioso and supporter of "Prior do Crato" executed in Azores by order of Marquês de Santa Cruz as symbol of the Spanish success |
| 1581 |
King invites Italian architect Filippo Terzi to rebuild Royal Palace |
| 1582 |
24th July - Battle of Vila Nova do Campo - Smaller but better equipped Spanish fleet under the command of Marquês de Santa Cruz defeats a combined Portuguese and French fleet of the Island of São Miguel in the Azores - defeated Dom António retreats to the Island of Terceira |
| 1582 |
The introduction of the Gregorian Calendar |
| 1582 |
Dom António (Prior of Crato), sails to the Azores to organise rebellion against Dom Felipe I |
| 1582 |
Construction of the Forteleza de São Filipe near Setúbal |
| 1582 |
Portuguese request that Dom Felipe I appoints Dona Maria, his sister and married to Emperor Maximillian II, be appointed as vice-King. Instead Felipe I nominates Cardinal Granville as his representative |
| 1583 |
"Cortes" are held in Lisbon |
| 1583 |
The Islands of the Azores are occupied by Spanish troops led by Spanish force led by Marquês de Santa Cruz and the inhabitants quietly submit to rule of their new Spanish King, Felipe I of Portugal |
| 1583 |
11th February - Dom Felipe I hands his position in Portugal over to his nephew Archduke Alberto of Habsburg and returns to his other capital Madrid |
| 1583 |
Sir Francis Drake attacks Brazil |
| 1585 |
Sir Francis Drake with the approval of Queen Elizabeth I of England captures ships in the Azores carrying cargo back to Spain and Portugal |
| 1586 |
Portuguese fleet suffer defeat against a Turkish fleet |
| 1586 |
Dom Felipe I banned Dutch vessels from Portuguese ports to protect Portuguese spice trade |
| 1587 |
Sir Francis Drake attacks Spanish fleet off Cádiz |
| 1588 |
Part of the Spanish Armada sets sail from Lisbon to attempt the invasion of England carrying many Portuguese soldiers |
| 1588 |
Elizabeth I makes a pact with Dom António, Prior of Crato, to provide support to his claim for the Portuguese throne in return for English virtual control of the country - She send Drake with 30 ships in an unsuccessful attempt to reinstate Dom António as the King |
| 1589 |
English pirates attack Horta and Angra do Heroísmo in Azores |
| 1589 |
Dom António, Prior de Crato, returns with 20.000 English soldiers under Francis drake and lands at Peniche - he fails in his three week attack on Lisbon with little support from local Portuguese nobility due to his pact with Elizabeth I - he and his remaining troops sail on to England |
| 1589 |
Dom António returns to England and Elizabeth sends him to Paris in exile where he later dies |
| 1590 |
Dutch make first attempts to occupy parts of Brazil |
| 1590 |
Don Felipe I bans English and Dutch vessels from Portuguese ports - this action forces the Dutch to establish their own spice trade with the East |
| 1591 |
Sinking of the English pirate ship "Revenge" off Faial |
| 1593 |
Archduke Alberto of Habsburg leaves for Holland and selects five members of Portuguese nobility to represent Don Felipe I in Portugal |
| 1593 |
Dona Catarina de Bragança wants he son Dom Teodósio appointed as vice-King of Portugal but Don Felipe I replaces the body of governors with the Marquês de Castelo Rodrigo as his vice-King |
| 1593 |
Construction of Fort Jesus on the coast on the coast of east Africa |
| 1595 |
26th August - Dom António (Prior de Crato), dies in Paris |
| 1596 |
Earl of Essex sacks Faro and removes the remarkable library of Bishop of Faro. |
| 1597 |
Francis Drake invades Sagres and destroys the home of "Henry the Navigator" |
| 1598 |
"Edict of Nantes" which protects Protestants is published (1598-1685) |
| 1598 |
13th September - Felipe II (1598 - 1621) - Spanish King Philip III |
| 1599 |
North east of Brazil occupied by Dutch |
| 1602 |
Birth of Salvador Correia de Sá e Benevides in Cadiz |
| 1602 |
Portuguese ships attacked by combined English and Dutch fleet |
| 1602 |
New laws introduced to curb hunting and encourage smaller land owners to cultivate their land |
| 1603 |
Dutch introduce a policy of creating settlements in all Portuguese overseas territories |
| 1603 |
Andre Furtado de Mendonça defeats and puts to flight Dutch feet off Amboino and Sunda |
| 1604 |
Birth of Dom João (IV) in Vila Viçosa - 8th Duque de Bragança and future King of Portugal |
| 1604 |
Dom Felipe II makes peace with the English King James I |
| 1604 |
Dutch attack Mozambique |
| 1605 |
Due to financial crisis all "new-Christians" can receive a General Pardon in return for a payment related to their wealth |
| 1605 |
Birth of Don Felipe IV of Spain in Valladolid (1605-1655) - Future King Felipe (III) of Portugal |
| 1606 |
Birth of politician and writer and Padre António Vieira - a Jesuit Priest who fought against the Inquisition (1606-1697) |
| 1606 |
Dutch fail in their attempted occupation of Malacca after fierce battle |
| 1606 |
Pedro Fernandes de Queirós encounters the New Hebrides |
| 1607 |
Dutch fleet attacks settlement of Mozambique in Africa |
| 1608 |
Birth of Padre António Vieira in Lisbon (1608-1697) |
| 1609 |
Spain and Holland sign a Trade Treaty for a period of 12 years |
| 1609 |
Dutch vessels reach Japan to provide trade competition to Portuguese |
| 1614 |
Publication of Asian travel book "Peregrinação" by Fernão Mendes Pinto |
| 1615 |
Marriage of Don Felipe IV of Spain to Elizabeth, daughter of Henry IV of France |
| 1615 |
Birth of statesman and writer João Pinto Ribeiro (1617-1649) |
| 1615 |
Portuguese expel French from São Luiz, Brazil |
| 1617 |
Portuguese expelled from Japan by Dutch |
| 1617 |
Dom Felipe II appoints a Spanish aristocrat as his vice-King in Portugal and gives him the title of Marquês de Alenquer |
| 1619 |
"Cortes" of Lisbon acknowledge Dom Felipe III to be the successor to the throne of Portugal |
| 1619 |
Dom Felipe II visits Portugal for the first time |
| 1621 |
Portugal ends their Peace Treaty with Holland in Goa, India |
| 1621 |
15th December - Felipe III (1621 - 1640) - Spanish King Philip IV and last of House of Habsburg |
| 1621 |
Dom Felipe II appoints the Duke of Olivares to govern Portugal on his behalf |
| 1622 |
Aqueduct completed in Elvas |
| 1622 |
English occupy Portuguese Fort of Ormuz at the mouth of Persian Gulf |
| 1623 |
Saint Francisco Xavier is raised to Sainthood by Pope Urbano VIII |
| 1624 |
Dutch attempt to occupy Bahia in Brazil |
| 1624 |
Dutch fail to occupy Luanda in Africa |
| 1625 |
Dutch expelled from Salvador - also repulsed again in 1627 |
| 1625 |
Portuguese and Spanish fleet expel Dutch from Bahia |
| 1626 |
António de Andrade crosses Himalayas and enters Tibet |
| 1628 |
Women workers in Porto stage a revolt against new Taxes on linen and wool goods |
| 1629 |
Dutch fleet take possession of Salvador de Bahia in Brazil |
| 1630 |
14th February - Dutch take possession Pernambuco and of all sugar plantations in northern Brazil (1630-1654) - this was their second attempt |
| 1631 |
Birth of female painter Josefa de Óbidos (1631-1684) |
| 1631 |
Jerómino Chingália, son of Sultan of Mombassa, revolts against Portuguese occupation and is assassinated |
| 1631 |
Civil unrest in the Alentejo against new Taxes |
| 1633 |
Marriage of Dom João IV to Dona Luísa de Gusmão, daughter of Duke of Medina-Sidónia |
| 1634 |
Dona Margarida, the Duchess of Mântua, appointed vice-King of Portugal by Dom Felipe III but ill received on her arrival in Portugal |
| 1634 |
Dom Miguel de Vasconcelos appointed by Dom Felipe III to govern Portugal - much hated by aristocrats and peasants alike |
| 1634 |
Birth of Dom Teodósio, 9th Duque de Bragança (1634-1653) |
| 1634 |
Dutch occupy Paribas in Brazil |
| 1634 |
Portuguese expelled from Ethiopia in Africa |
| 1635 |
António Vieira is ordained as a Priest |
| 1635 |
Dutch take possession of Paraíba |
| 1635 |
France declares war on Castile |
| 1635 |
Civil unrest throughout the Alentejo on introduction of further Taxes |
| 1637 |
Most Portuguese ports inactive for lack of trade |
| 1637 |
"Revolta da Manuelinho" - inhabitants of Évora stage revolt against their Spanish rule due to new Taxes imposed - revolt spreads through Alentejo into the Algarve |
| 1637 |
João Maurico, Count of Nassau, appointed Governor of Dutch territory in Brazil and he take possession of the Fortress of Elmina in West Africa - an important centre of the African gold trade |
| 1638 |
Fleet and army from Portugal fails to drive Dutch out of Brazil - Dutch fail to take Baía |
| 1638 |
Japan bars Portuguese ships from their ports |
| 1638 |
Duke of Olivares fails in his attempt to gain support from Portuguese to send troops to fight the French under the Spanish flag - France make an unsuccessful approach of support to the House of Bragança which is rejected by the family |
| 1638 |
Dutch occupy Agrium Island off coast of Africa |
| 1638 |
Birth of Dona Catarina de Bragança - the future wife of Charles II Of England |
| 1639 |
Duke of Bragança accept post of "General of Sea and Earth" from Dom Felipe III |
| 1639 |
Leading Portuguese aristocrats decline order of Duque de Olivares to travel to Spanish court in Madrid |
| 1639 |
Dutch fleet take possession of Ceylon and Malacca |
| 1640 |
Portuguese state finances in serious trouble with troops lacking arms and castles without supplies |
| 1640 |
Prince of Catalonia declares war on Don Felipe IV of Spain |
| 1640 |
June - Spain demands that Portugal provide an army to quell the riots in Catalonia - Portuguese aristocracy and landowners object |
| 1640 |
France threatens to invade Portugal |
| 1640 |
Portuguese revolt and separate from Spain |
| 1566 |
French pirates sack Funchal |
| 1640 |
Portuguese and other foreigners are expelled from Japan |
| 1640 |
Dutch capture Portuguese colony of Bahia in Brazil |
| 1640 |
Band of noble leaders plan "coup" - Dom António Vaz de Almeida, Dom Rodrigo da Cunha (Archbishop of Lisbon), Dom Miguel de Almeida, Dom Pedro de Mendonça, and João Pontes Ribeiro |
| 1640 |
1st December - uprising against Spanish possession of Portuguese throne by arresting vice-King Marquês de la Puebla and the assassination of Miguel de Vasconcelos - Duke of Bragança arrives in Lisbon to popular acclaim and accepts the throne of Portugal |
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| 8th Period |
Second Dynasty of Portugal - Avis
(14th Century to 16th Century) |
| 10th Period |
Fourth Dynasty of Portugal - Bragança
(17th Century to 20th Century) |
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Legend
Rulers
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NOTE
The above was compiled by Michael Tannock from published information
in the Portuguese language. While every care was taken in obtaining the above
facts some conflicting dates, information and spelling were encountered.
In such cases, our own discretion was used in choosing which facts
to publish.
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