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10th Period - Fourth Dynasty of Portugal -
House of Bragança
(17th Century to 20th Century)
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| 17th C |
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| 1640 |
15th December - Dom João IV (1640 - 1656) - First of House of Bragança |
| 1640 |
Envoys are sent to Barcelona to report on the election of House of Bragança to the throne as the Catalans supported his claim |
| 1640 |
Dom João IV sells much of his property and personal possessions to raise funds to rearm his army |
| 1640 |
War of Restoration - between Portugal and Spanish thrones (1640-1668) |
| 1640 |
Dom João IV arrests the pro-Castile Bishop of Braga and Marquês de Vila Real |
| 1641 |
11th January - Official news reaches Madeira of the reinstatment of the House of Bragança |
| 1641 |
February - Dom João IV sends envoys to France, England and Holland seeking support for Portugal against Spain |
| 1641 |
27th February - Portugal and Spain sign a Trade Agreement to maintain their prts open to each others vessels |
| 1641 |
1st June - Conde de Nassau with Dutch forces occupies Sergripe in Brazil |
| 1641 |
12th June - Treaty de Tréguas - Portugal enters into a Peace Treaty with Holland but terms are more in favour to Holland |
| 1641 |
16th June - Fort de Santa Cruz in Angra do Heroísmo in Spanish hands finally surrenders to Portuguese accepts the new King |
| 1641 |
28th June - The "Cortes" impose a 10% Tax on all property to raise funds to support an army to defend Portugal |
| 1641 |
July - The powers behind the "Inquisition" mount a failed counter-revolution against the House of Bragança |
| 1641 |
1st July - Portugal enters into a Peace Treaty with France - a French fleet is dispatched in support to Lisbon |
| 1641 |
28th July - Plotters are arrested and the chief minister to the crown, Sr Francisco de Lucena, is publicly executed for supporting the Spanish movement against the throne |
| 1641 |
The Dutch take possession of the African slave trade centre of Luanda (1641-1648) - they also invade parts of Brazil |
| 1641 |
September - Combined Portuguese and French fleet fail in their attack on Cadiz |
| 1641 |
September - Spanish troops fail in their attack on border town of Olivença |
| 1641 |
30th October - Conde de Nassau with Dutch forces occupies Maranhão in Brazil |
| 1642 |
Portuguese army under Sancho Manuel repeatedly rebuff Spanish army invasion led by the Duke of Alba into Portugal |
| 1642 |
Creation of Counsel of Overseas Possessions |
| 1642 |
Pope Urban VIII sides with Spain against Portugal and refuses to meet with Portuguese envoy, Bishop of Lamego |
| 1642 |
Treaty signed between Portugal and England just before the outbreak of the English Civil War |
| 1642 |
15th August - Portuguese forces regain control of Maranhão |
| 1642 |
30th September - António Moniz Barreiros take Calvário and São Luís in Brazil from the Dutch |
| 1643 |
Francisco de Lucena, Secretary of State for Dom João IV , executed for treason |
| 1643 |
Portuguese army led by Conde de Óbidos make an unsuccessful attempt to take Badajoz |
| 1643 |
6th May - Dutch forces in Angola attack Portuguese camp and take Pedro César de Menezes prisoner |
| 1643 |
Birth of Dom Afonso (VI) in Lisbon, 10th Duque de Bragança (1643-1683) |
| 1644 |
25th May - Battle of Monte Claros, Montijo - Portuguese led by Matias de Albuquerque defeat Spanish army after initial success by the Spanish - a counter move by the Spanish to take town of Elvas also failed |
| 1644 |
Dutch abandon Maranhão in Brazil |
| 1644 |
September - Revolt of inhabitants in Pernambuco against Dutch masters |
| 1645 |
May - Revolt of inhabitants in Pernambuco against Dutch masters |
| 1645 |
3rd August - Battle of Monte dos Tabocas - Inhabitants of Pernambuco defeat Dutch |
| 1646 |
Padre António Vieira gains the confidence of Dom João IV and influences the King's decisions |
| 1646 |
Dom João IV offer of 3 million Cruzados is rejected by Holland in return for the Dutch evacuating Brazil |
| 1646 |
Portuguese surround Dutch held town of Recife in Brazil - relief Dutch forces fail to take settlements of Orlinda and Várzea |
| 1646 |
Nossa Senhora da Conceição adopted as Patron Saint of Portugal |
| 1647 |
Dutch forces temporarly occupy Ilaparica Island, Brazil |
| 1647 |
Dom João IV fails in negotiation with France in a marraige of his son to French princess and then to move to Azores as ruler of Azores and Brazil |
| 1648 |
Portugal considers paqying Holland for the town of Pernambuco, Brazil |
| 1648 |
Holland enters into Peace Treaty with Spain making them enemies to Portugal |
| 1648 |
18th March - Dutch fleet arrive from Holland with soldiers and supplies |
| 1648 |
19th April - 1st Battle of Guarapes - Portuguese defeat superior Dutch forces |
| 1648 |
23rd June - Salvador Correia de Sá Benevides arrives from Brazil with private army to expel Dutch from Angola |
| 1648 |
23rd June - Salvador Correia de Sá Benevides captures São Paulo de Luanda - Queen Ginja and her tribe remain hostile until March 1649 |
| 1648 |
António Raposo Tavares explores the Amazon basin |
| 1648 |
Birth of Dom Pedro (II) in Coimbra |
| 1649 |
17th February 2nd Battle of Guarapes - Portuguese forces again defeat the superior Dutch troops |
| 1649 |
Dom João IV orders the return of all property confiscated by the Inquisition from the Jews |
| 1649 |
Dom Duarte, brother of Dom João IV, dies in prison in Milan, Italy, after being taken prisoner fighting in the service of France |
| 1649 |
Prince Rupert of England sails into Lisbon and demands freedom of Portuguese ports for his vessels |
| 1650 |
Admiral Blake is sent from England to chase Prince Rupert away from Lisbon and Portuguese ports |
| 1650 |
Portuguese are expelled from the Persian Gulf region |
| 1652 |
Dutch fortify the Cape of Good Hope to control the Cape of Africa |
| 1653 |
Death of Dom Teodósio heir to the Portuguese throne |
| 1654 |
5th January - Battle of Pernabuco - Dutch are defeated at this important town held by Portuguese settlers |
| 1654 |
A Commonwealth Treaty is entered into by Portugal and England giving the latter trading rights in return for defence against Spain |
| 1655 |
France appeals to Portugal to attack Spain |
| 1655 |
Loss of both Ceylon and Malabar to Dutch forces |
| 1656 |
6th November - Dom Afonso VI (1656 - 1683) - Dona Luisa de Guzmán (wife of Dom João V), assumes Regency for Dom Afonso VI |
| 1657 |
Afonso VI offers a large dowry and either Tangiers or Mazagão, in an attempt to unite the royal French and Portuguese families |
| 1657 |
Dutch beseige Goa in India |
| 1657 |
30 May - Portuguese attack Badajoz whilst the Spanish seize Olivença |
| 1658 |
Spanish besiege Elvas are driven off in October by relief forces from Estremoz after holding out for three months |
| 1658 |
7th November - Peace declared between France and Spain |
| 1659 |
Spain signs Peace treaty with France which allows Spain to turn its intentions onto Portugal |
| 1659 |
Duke of Schomberg of Germany is engaged by Portugal to restructure and train its army - he arrives in 1660 with 80 staffa and 440 experianced soldiers |
| 1659 |
14th January - Battle of "Linhas de Elvas" - Spanish army defeated by Portuguese army under the Conde de Cantanede |
| 1660 |
General Schomberg arrives in Portugal to train the Portuguese army |
| 1661 |
Josefa de Óbidos paints the five altar paintings for the of Church of Santa Maria |
| 1661 |
Alliance between Portugal and England renewed - England despatches 3.000 to Portugal in support |
| 1661 |
Treaty of the Hague - Dutch formally recognise Portuguese sovereignty over Recife, Brazil |
| 1661 |
June - "Golpe de Alcântara" Dom Afonso assumes total power of his ministers with the help of the Conde de Castelo Melhor - António Vieira retreats to a monastery |
| 1662 |
25th April - Dona Catarina of Bragança sails to England to marry Charles II and becomes Queen of England - Tangier and Bombay are part of her dowry |
| 1662 |
May - Spanish army enters Portugal and occupies Alter, Borba, Crato, Juromenha and Monforte - diseases in their ranks forces to return to Spain |
| 1662 |
16th June - António Conti, favourite of Dom Afonso VI, is arrested by orders of the Quenn Mother and sent in exile to Brazil |
| 1662 |
June - Court rebellion appoints the Conde de Castelo Melhor, Dom Luís de Vasconcelos e Sousa, as Prime Minister holding strong power over the Government and stripping powers originally held by the Queen-Regent - he appoints Franco/German Marshall Schomberg as in charge of the Portuguese fight with Spain - Padre António Vieira is imprisoned |
| 1662 |
12th July - Afonso VI and sends Dona Luisa the Queen Mother to a convent |
| 1662 |
Dutch occupy Cochim in India |
| 1663 |
March - Some 600 Englsih soldeirs desert the Portuguese army for the Spanish army due to arrears in their salaries |
| 1663 |
6th May - Évora is occupied by Spanish invading army |
| 1663 |
8th June - Battle of Ameixial - Portuguese led by Schomberg heavily defeats invading Spanish army and retakes Évora |
| 1664 |
7th July - Battle of Castelo Rodrigo - Portuguese defeat Spanish army besieging the town led by Duque de Ossuna |
| 1665 |
17th June - Battle of Montes Claros - Portuguese army led by General Duke of Schomberg defeats invading Spanish army near Estremoz |
| 1666 |
Marraige of Dom Afonso VI with Dona Maria Francisca Isabel de Sabóia |
| 1667 |
Marriage of Dom Afonso VI to Dona Maria Francisca Isabel of Savoy annulled due to non-consumption |
| 1668 |
Dom Alfonso VI declared mentally incapable of ruling and is replaced by his brother Dom Pedro II who then assumes Regency |
| 1668 |
Dom Afonso VI is sent to confinement on the Island of Terceira in the Azores - António Vieira returns to power in the court |
| 1668 |
Marriage of Dom Pedro II to his cousin Dona Isabel of Savoy after her previous marriage to Dom Afonso VI is annulled |
| 1668 |
Peace Treaty - Spain officially recognizes Dom Pedro (II) succession to the Portuguese throne after delays and much discussion and granting Spain Ceuta and Portuguese controlled Galega |
| 1669 |
The five love letters of nun "Mariana Alcoforado" published by Marquis de Chamilly published in Paris |
| 1674 |
Group of aristocrats are beheaded for plotting the return of Dom Afonso VI - Dom Afonso VI is transferred back to confinement in Sintra Palace |
| 1678 |
First entry in Customs Records of export of wine from Porto |
| 1681 |
1st January -Death of Salvador Correia de Sá e Benevides in Lisbon |
| 1683 |
12th September - Dom Pedro II - (1683 - 1706) |
| 1683 |
Death of Dona Maria Francisca Isabel of Savoy, ex-wife of Dom Afonso VI and wife of Dom Pedro II |
| 1687 |
Marriage of Dom Pedro II to Dona Maria Sofia of Baviera-Neuburg |
| 1689 |
October - Birth of Dom João (V) in Lisbon, 11th Duque de Bragança (1689-1750) |
| 1690 |
Infanta Isabel-Josefa of Portugal dies |
| 1690 |
Pirates sack Porto Santo |
| 1692 |
Severe drought causes a crises in the silk industry |
| 1693 |
January - return to Portugal of Dona Catarina of Bragança - ex-Queen of England |
| 1693 |
Foundation of Jesuit College of Beja |
| 1697 |
"Cortes" meet to confirm succession to the throne of eldest son Dom João (V) of Dom Pedro II - they also give the throne the necessary power to make laws without referring them to the "Cortes" |
| 1697 |
Gold discovered by Minas Gerais in Brazil |
| 1697 |
Death of Padre António Vieira in Baía in Brazil |
| 1698 |
Last meeting of the "Cortes" |
| 1699 |
First shipment of gold from Brazil arrives in Lisbon |
| 1699 |
Birth of Marquês de Pombal (1699-1782) |
| 18th C. |
-- |
| 1701 |
Portugal fails to recognise Don Felipe de Bourbon as new King of Spain |
| 1702 |
Portugal sides with England in the War of Spanish Succession |
| 1703 |
Portugal now recognises Don Felipe de Bourbon as King of Spain |
| 1703 |
Treaty of Methuen - Trade agreement relating mainly to wine between Portuguese and English which was to prove very profitable for both sides |
| 1703 |
December - Portugal terminates relations with Spain |
| 1704 |
30th April - Spain declares War in Portugal - in 24th May Spanish army led by General Berwick advances into Portugal taking Castelo Branco but retires in July |
| 1704 |
Portuguese fail in their taking of Cuidade Rodrigo in Spain |
| 1704 |
English capture Gibraltar from Spain |
| 1705 |
May - Portuguese capture Valencia de Alcántara and Albuquerque in Spain |
| 1706 |
9th December - Dom João V (1706 - 1750) |
| 1706 |
April - Portugal retake Valencia de Alcántara |
| 1706 |
25th June - Portuguese army and allies enter Madrid and Archduke Carlos III is declared King of Spain |
| 1707 |
Civil unrest in Brazil - "emboadas" |
| 1707 |
Re-commencement by Inquisition of "auto fé" in Portugal (1707-1750) |
| 1708 |
Marriage of Dom João V to Dona Maria Anna daughter of Leopold I of Austria |
| 1708 |
Civil unrest period commences (1708-1750) throughout central Portugal against introduction of a series of new Taxes |
| 1709 |
April - Portuguese army fails in its attempt to take Badajoz |
| 1709 |
May - Portuguese army defeated at Almanza in Spain |
| 1710 |
Civil unrest in mining area in Brazil causes Rio de Janeiro to invade the area to take control |
| 1710 |
Civil unrest in Brazil - "moscatas" |
| 1711 |
French ships raid Rio de Janeiro |
| 1711 |
Construction started on Convento de Mafra |
| 1712 |
7th November - Portugal signs Armistice with France |
| 1714 |
11th April - Treaty of Utrecht - Portugal gained considerable territory in Brazil and peace with Spain |
| 1714 |
Birth of Dom José (I) in Lisbon, 12th Duque de Bragança (1714-1777) |
| 1715 |
6th February - Portugal signs Peace Treaty with Spain |
| 1717 |
Birth of Dom Pedro (III) in Lisbon |
| 1717 |
Construction started of Basilica and Palace of Mafra |
| 1717 |
July - Battle of Matopan - Dom João V's Portuguese fleet in support of Emperor Charles IV participates in naval battle against Turks |
| 1720 |
Foundation of Royal Academy of History |
| 1723 |
Construction of Baroque staircase leading to Church of Bom Jesus near Braga |
| 1727 |
Foundation of the "Feitoria Inglesa" in Porto by English wine exporters |
| 1727 |
First Mason's Lodge founded in Lisbon by local English traders |
| 1728 |
Dom João breaks contacts with the Pope as he refuses to confirm his appointment of Bicki as Bishop of Lisbon |
| 1729 |
Marriage of Dom José (I) to Dona Marianne Victoria of Bourbon, daughter of Don Philip V of Spain, and Don Fernando (VI) of Spain marries Dona Maria Bárbara of Portugal |
| 1729 |
Diamonds discovered in Minas Gerais in Brazil |
| 1730 |
The Pope agrees to appoint Bicki as a Cardinal |
| 1730 |
Consecration of Basilica and Palace of Mafra |
| 1731 |
First Italian Opera performed in Lisbon |
| 1733 |
First Portuguese Opera composed by António de Almeida |
| 1734 |
Gold discovered in Mato Grosso in Brazil |
| 1734 |
Birth of Dona Maria (I) in Lisbon, (13th) Duquesa de Bragança (1734-1816) |
| 1735 |
Dom João orders that Alentejo peasants be supplied with free corn seed to sow to battle against the economic depression |
| 1735 |
Masonic movement of English merchants in Lisbon found their first Lodge |
| 1735 |
Discontent commences again between Portugal and Spain - relationship restored in 1737 |
| 1737 |
16th March - Peace Treaty of Paris |
| 1737 |
Construction commenced of Royal Opera House in Lisbon |
| 1737 |
Sebastião José de Carvalho (later Marquês de Pombal) is sent to London as Portuguese Ambassador until 1744 - moved to Vienna in 1745 |
| 1743 |
Masonic movement in Lisbon suffers investigation by the Inquisition |
| 1743 |
Bacaim is take from the Portugese by the Morata tribe |
| 1747 |
Construction of Palace of Queluz commenced |
| 1748 |
Aqueduct of Águas Livres in Lisbon is inaugurated |
| 1750 |
13th January - Portugal ratifies Treaty of Tordesvilhas (1494) with Spain |
| 1750 |
31 July - Dom José I (1750 - 1777) |
| 1750 |
Sebastião José de Carvalho (later Marquês de Pombal) appointed to the court council |
| 1751 |
Trading of Brazilian natives forbidden to other countries other those belonging to Portugal |
| 1755 |
1st November - Earthquake destroys most of Lisbon and southern Portugal and Algarve killing in the region of 15,000 people |
| 1755 |
8th November - Birth of Dona Calota Joaquina (future Queen of Portugal), in Spain (1755-1830) |
| 1755 |
8th November - Another earthquake tremor is felt in Lisbon and again on the 11th of November |
| 1755 |
11th December - Another earthquake tremor is felt in Lisbon and again on the 21st of December |
| 1755 |
10th February - Battle of Caiboté - Over 1.200 native Indians killed by Luso-Spanish army in Uruguay |
| 1756 |
16th July - Douro Valley becomes first demarcated wine area in Portugal and the "Coperativo Geral da Agricultura do Vinha do Alto Douro" is created by the Marquês de Pombal |
| 1756 |
27th September - Law passed forbidding Portuguese seamen to wok on board foreign vessels |
| 1756 |
29th October - The population of Lisbon is forbidden to leave the City due to the fear of a repeat of the earthquake the previous year |
| 1757 |
Dom José I issues an edit stopping Jesuits from preaching in the countryside |
| 1757 |
23rd February - Porto population stage a revolt against wine monopoly imposed by Sebastião José de Carvalho on wine producers in the Douro area |
| 1757 |
12th October - Sebastião José de Carvalho (later Marquês de Pombal) orders the death of 21 men and 9 women who had revolted in Porto in February |
| 1758 |
Sebastião José de Carvalho closes Évora University and tries to introduce a free grammar school style schooling which failed due to lack of funds |
| 1758 |
1st April - Pope Bento XIV appoints Cardinal Saldanha to reform the Order of Jesuits in Portugal and its territories |
| 1758 |
The Indians of Brazil are declared Free People |
| 1758 |
27th August - Dona Maria Bárbara of Bragança and wife of Dom João V dies in Madrid |
| 1758 |
3rd September - Attempt is made in Belém on the life of Dom José I, |
| 1758 |
Sebastião José de Carvalho arrests many nobles, clerics, and also orders the public execution for high-treason of all the Távora family (9) in the name of the King - this act was also related to their strong objection to Dom José I affair with the Marquesa de Távora |
| 1759 |
13th January - The Távora family and the Duque de Aveiro are publicly executed in Lisbon |
| 1759 |
19th January - Sebastião José de Carvalho (later Marquês de Pombal)orders the arrest of several leading Jesuits |
| 1759 |
6th June - Marquês de Pombal given title of "Conde de Oeiras" |
| 1759 |
17th August - English fleet defeat French fleet off Lagos and chase fleeing French vessels into the Bay of Lagos violating the neutrality of Portugal |
| 1759 |
3rd September - Dom José I signs the law which expels Society of Jesus (Jesuits), from Portugal and her overseas territories |
| 1760 |
6th June - Marriage of Dona Maria I, daughter of Dom José I, to her uncle Dom Pedro (III) |
| 1760 |
Sebastião José de Carvalho is created Marquês de Pombal by Dom José |
| 1760 |
July - Hostility between the Crown and the Church deepens |
| 1760 |
16th September - Spain proposes that the Treaty of Santo Ildefonso (1750) should be annulled |
| 1761 |
Spanish temporarily army invades Portugal |
| 1761 |
Marquês de Pombal adds mathematics and natural science to Coimbra syllabus - he also creates a "College of Nobles" for sons of aristocrats |
| 1761 |
12th February - Treaty of Pardo - Portugal and Spain agree to annul The Treaty of Santo Ildefonso |
| 1761 |
2nd April - Slavery trade is abolished in all Portugal and between all its territories |
| 1761 |
20th August - Birth of Dom Jose in Lisbon, 14th Duque de Bragança (1761-1788), Príncipe de Brazil e Beira |
| 1761 |
21st September - Jesuit Padre Gabriel Malagrida is put to death by "auto fé" ordered by the Inquisition |
| 1761 |
25th December - All property belonging to the Order of Jesus are taken by the Crown |
| 1762 |
5th April - Portugal refuses to surrender to the demands of France and Spain to join them in their war against England |
| 1762 |
5th May - Spanish army invades Portugal and encircles Miranda do Douro in the north |
| 1762 |
6th May - English army arrived in Lisbon under the command of General Townsend |
| 1762 |
16th May - The town of Bragança surrenders to the Spanish army |
| 1762 |
18th May - Portugal officially proclaims it is at war with France and Spain |
| 1762 |
21 May - The town of Chaves surrenders to the Spanish army |
| 1762 |
10th July - The Conde de Lippe is appointed to lead the Luso-British army |
| 1762 |
25th August - The fort at Almeida falls to the Spanish army |
| 1762 |
16th September - Battle of Salvaterra - Invading Spanish and French forces are defeated by Luso-English army led by Conde de Lippe |
| 1762 |
29th October - Portuguese settlement at Sacramento in Argentina is attacked and destroyed by Spanish forces |
| 1762 |
3rd November - Peace Treaty of Fontainebleau - Agreement between Portugal, England, France and Spain |
| 1763 |
January - The capital of Brazil is moved from Salvador to Rio de Janeiro |
| 1763 |
10th February - Peace Treaty of Paris - Spain returns the forts of Chaves and Almeida to Portugal and the settlement of Sacramento in Argentina is returned |
| 1763 |
12th May - Spanish forces take the Fort de Santa Teresa in Brazil |
| 1765 |
Birth of poet Bocage (1765-1805) |
| 1765 |
1st January - Earthquake tremor in Lisbon |
| 1765 |
13th September - Earthquake tremor in Lisbon |
| 1767 |
Birth of Manuel Goday, Duke of Alcúdia, in Badajoz, Spain (1767-1851) |
| 1767 |
Birth of Dom João (VI) in Lisbon, 15th Duque de Bragança (1767-1826), Principe de Brazil |
| 1768 |
Birth of William Carr Beresford in Ireland, bastard son of the Maquês of Waterford (1768-18546), Principe de Brazil |
| 1768 |
5th February - Introduction by the Crown of censorship on all printed material |
| 1769 |
10th March - The Fort of Mazagão in Morocco is abandoned by Portuguese - this is the last Portuguese possession in Morocco |
| 1769 |
30 April - Birth of Arthur Wellesley (Duke of Wellington), in Ireland (1769-1852) |
| 1769 |
7th July - The Stephens brothers commence production of glassware in Marinha Grande |
| 1769 |
28th August - Pope Clement XIV attempts to re-establish relations between Portugal and the Holy See |
| 1769 |
1st September - Peace agreement between Portugal and Morocco |
| 1769 |
16th October - Dom José I grants the title of Marquês de Pombal to Sebastião José de Carvalho e Melo |
| 1770 |
25th February - Relationship between Portugal and the Holy See is restored on the appointment of the brother of the Marquês de Pombal to be a Cardinal |
| 1771 |
Birth of composer Domingos Bontempo (1771-1842) |
| 1772 |
Marquês de Pombal spends a month a Coimbra University reorganizing its syllabus and expanding its facilities |
| 1772 |
17th May - Native revolt at Maranhão in Brazil |
| 1772 |
2nd September - The Inquisition is re-organised |
| 1773 |
Birth of opera singer Luisa Todi (1773-1833) |
| 1774 |
10th February - Marquês de Pombal orders the Inquisition in Goa to be terminated |
| 1775 |
Statue of José I by Machado de Castro unveiled in Lisbon |
| 1776 |
24th January - Portugal applies for help from England and France to settle the Luso-Spanish conflict in Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil |
| 1776 |
24th January - Portugal successfully attacks Spanish occupation of Rio Grande de São Pedro, Brazil |
| 1776 |
Dom José, heir to the throne, wed to his aunt, Dona Maria Benedida |
| 1776 |
4th July - Portugal closed its Ports to American vessels |
| 1777 |
24th February - Dona Maria I & Dom Pedro III - (1777 - 1816) |
| 1777 |
5th March - Dona Maria I accepts the resignation of Marquês de Pombal and dismisses him from her Court - she declares the Távora family innocent of treason and releases political prisoners |
| 1777 |
Spanish forces occupy Santa Catarina Island in Brazil |
| 1777 |
1st October - Treaty of Santo Ildefonso - Preliminary Treaty of peace between Dona Maria I and Don Carlos III of Spain |
| 1778 |
11th March - Treaty of Pardo - Peace and Trading agreement between Portugal and Spain
- Paraquay is granted by Portugal to Spanish claim |
| 1778 |
April - Re-establishment of the Inquisition in Goa |
| 1779 |
3rd August - Creation of Royal Academy of the Navy |
| 1779 |
26th November - The Inquisition in Goa is once more dismantled |
| 1779 |
24th December - Creation of Royal Academy of Sciences in Lisbon |
| 1780 |
4th April - Vieira Lusitano opens the Academy of Nudes in Lisbon |
| 1780 |
20th May - Foundation of Casa Pia in Lisbon for poor and orphan children |
| 1780 |
Sea battle off Cape St. Vincent between Spain and England |
| 1781 |
26th August - Last "auto de fé" takes place in Coimbra |
| 1781 |
16th September - Last "auto de fé" takes place in Évora |
| 1782 |
13th July - Portugal joins the League of Neutrals in the War of American Independence |
| 1782 |
24th July - Portugal signs an agreement of neutrality with Catherine II of Russia |
| 1783 |
15th February - Portugal recognises the Independence of the United States of North America |
| 1783 |
18th November - First official licensed lottery by the Casa de Misericórdia |
| 1784 |
Public lighting in the streets of Lisbon |
| 1785 |
8th May - Marriage of Dom João (VI) to Dona Carlota Joaquina de Bourbon |
| 1785 |
14th February - Law published banning importation of coloured silk underwear |
| 1786 |
26th August - Death of Dom Pedro III |
| 1787 |
3rd January - Inauguration of Observatory in Lisbon in Castelo São Jorge |
| 1787 |
27th December - Commercial trading agreement between Portugal and Russia |
| 1787 |
William Beckford resides in Sintra |
| 1788 |
11th September - Death of Dom José in Brazil and Dom João next in line adopts title of "Prince of Brazil" |
| 1789 |
Dutch attack Mozambique |
| 1789 |
Independence movement at Minas Gerais in Brazil suppressed by Portuguese troops |
| 1790 |
2nd January - Foundation of Royal Academy of Military Fortification |
| 1790 |
10th February - Law passed forbidding the admittance of religious novices into either Monasteries or Nunneries |
| 1790 |
31st May - First school for females opened in Lisbon |
| 1790 |
December - Abolition of all cooperative organisations |
| 1790 |
Birth of General and Duke of Saldanha (1790-1876) |
| 1791 |
Dona Maria I becomes mentally unstable |
| 1792 |
Dom João VI governs Portugal on behalf of his sick mother, Maria I |
| 1792 |
Powerful rebel figure of Brazilian patriotic folklore and leader of a popular rebellion, Lieutenant Silva Xavier (Tiradentes), caught and hanged |
| 1792 |
18th March - Birth of José de Sousa Masnuel e Meneses Severim de Noronha (Liberalist)- Conde de Vila Flor and Duque da Terceira |
| 1793 |
April - Group of plotters in Brazil referred to as "Tiradentes" imprisoned for plotting a revolution and leaders hanged |
| 1793 |
War of Rossihão (1793-1795) - Portugal sends troops to assist Spain in its war against France in the Piranees |
| 1793 |
15th July - Treaty between Portugal and Spain and Dom João VI to aid Spain in its war with France (1793-1794) |
| 1793 |
16th September - 6.000 Portuguese forces embark for northern Catalonia to aid Spanish forces in its combat with France |
| 1793 |
20th September - Portuguese troops under General John Forbes Skellater leave for Catalunha to support Spain against French army |
| 1793 |
26th September - Treaty between Portugal and England against France |
| 1793 |
27th September - Portuguese troops participate in battle actions against French army - again on the 14th December and 21st December |
| 1793 |
December - Inauguration of Teatro de São Carlos in Lisbon |
| 1794 |
27th March - Battle of Tour de Battere - Combined Portuguese and Spanish forces engage against French army in Pyranees |
| 1794 |
1st May - Portugal withdraws its troops from further battle actions against France |
| 1794 |
31st May - Portugal refuses Spanish request to send any further troops |
| 1794 |
An "auto de fé" takes place in Lisbon |
| 1794 |
17th November - Battle of Montanha Negra - Luso-Spanish army defeated allowing French troops to invade Catalonia |
| 1795 |
26rh September - Birth of Bernardo de Sá Nogueira de Figuereido (Liberalist and anti-salvery activist) - Marquês de Sá de Bandeira (1795-1876) |
| 1795 |
22nd July - Peace agreed in Basle, Switzerland, between France and Spain |
| 1795 |
Construction commences on Palácio da Ajuda in Lisbon |
| 1796 |
Birth of José Joaquim de Sousa Reis (Remexido) |
| 1797 |
17th February - Battle of St Vincent - Sir John Jervis beat the Spanish fleet off Sagres - Horatio Nelson distinguished himself during the action |
| 1797 |
13th May - Inauguration of Royal Library in Lisbon |
| 1797 |
13th May - Inauguration of Teatro de São João in Porto |
| 1797 |
Introduction of paper money |
| 1797 |
Portuguese envoy in Paris arrested by the authorities - only released in March 1798 |
| 1797 |
September - 6.000 English troops arrive in Lisbon to support Portugal and Spain against the threat of France |
| 1798 |
Birth of Dom Pedro (IV) in Queluz, 16th Duque de Bragança (1798-1834), also Emperor of Brazil |
| 1798 |
Maria I signed trade agreement with Russia |
| 1798 |
Rebellion in Bahia, Brazil if savagely crushed |
| 1798 |
30th June - Creation of Royal Geographical Society in Lisbon |
| 1798 |
July - Battle of Nile" - Portuguese fleet participate in battle between English and France and the heavy defeat of Napoleon's navy |
| 1799 |
Birth of writer Almeida Garrett (1799-1854) |
| 1799 |
Dom João VI formally named Regent for Dona Maria I - due to her mental health |
| 1799 |
18th September - Alliance Treaty between Portugal and Russia (Paul I) |
| 19th C. |
-- |
| 1800 |
September - Instigated by France, Spanish troops start large military movements on Portuguese borders |
| 1800 |
8th November - English troop reinforcements arrive in Lisbon |
| 1801 |
29th January - Spanish-French ultimatum to Portugal to close ports to English vessels which is ignored |
| 1801 |
27th February - Spain declares war on Portugal |
| 1801 |
20th May - Spanish and French army led by General Godoy invade the Alentejo and take towns - Elvas, Crato and Juromenha surrenders without a fight; Campo Maior is only taken after 16 days of strong resistance - "Guerra das Laranjas (War of Oranges)" - conflict ended in June of same year |
| 1801 |
29th May - Battle of Arronches - Portuguese troops fail to defend town of Arronches against Spanish army8 |
| 1801 |
Madeira occupied by English troops |
| 1801 |
6th June - Treaty of Badajoz - agreed boundary lines between Portugal and Spain and the later took permanent possession of the Portuguese border town of Olivença in the Alentejo plus large financial payment |
| 1801 |
8th June - Portuguese army invades Galicia and attack Monterey area but are forced to retreat by Spanish forces |
| 1801 |
8th June - Spanish and Portuguese forces face each other over the River Guadiana in the Algarve without seriously engaging |
| 1801 |
August - José Borges de Santo together with rebel Indians attack Brazilian settlement on the fronties to Uraquay |
| 1801 |
29th September - Peace Treaty of Madrid - between Portugal and France signed in Paris - Portugal agrees to close ports to English vessels, open them to French ships, release war prisoners, and Portugal has to pay a heavy sum to France |
| 1801 |
November - Spanish forces from Montevideo recover the Fort of Cerro Largo held by Marquês de Sousa these confrontations continued until 1806 |
| 1801 |
10th December - Creation of Royal Police Guard of Lisbon |
| 1802 |
Birth of Dom Miguel (I) in Queluz |
| 1802 |
Foundation of Masons's Lodge "Grande Oriente Lusitano" |
| 1802 |
29th September - Treaty between Portugal and France establishing border between French Guiana and Brazil |
| 1803 |
3rd June - Declaration of Portuguese neutrality by Dom João VI |
| 1803 |
19th December - Secret agreement of Portugal and England that Portugal will remain neutral in the case of war between England and France - in December Portugal had to pay money to France to continue with its neutrality |
| 1804 |
19th March - Dom João VI signs an agreement with France that Portugal will remain neutral in the case of war between England and France |
| 1804 |
Masonic Lodge "Grande Oriente Lusitano" founded - first Portuguese Lodge independent of foreign Lodges |
| 1805 |
25th April - French Ambassador Junot presents to Dom João IV a demand for Portugal to declare war on England |
| 1805 |
9th May - Dom João IV reaffirms Portugal's neutrality |
| 1805 |
21st October - Battle of Trafalgar - Spanish and French fleet are beaten by English off the coast south of Cadiz, Spain, giving England to all extent control of the seas |
| 1806 |
August - Englsih fleet under Lord Rosslyn arrive in Lisbon offering assistance in defending Portugal |
| 1806 |
21st November - Spain and France insist that Portugal ceases to trade with England |
| 1807 |
19th July - France formally demands that Portugal close her Ports to British vessels |
| 1807 |
12th August - Spain issues another ultimatum to Portugal to close their ports to English vessels or they will invade Portugal |
| 1807 |
Napoleon forces Portugal in the name of his appointed Regent to declare War on England |
| 1807 |
18th October - French army led by General Junot marches into Spain and heads for Portuguese border |
| 1807 |
27th October - Treaty of Fontainebleau - France (Napoleon) and Spain agree to divide between them the country of Portugal and the part of the Algarve granted to Don Manuel Godoy of Spain |
| 1807 |
16th November - English fleet under Sir Sidney Smith arrive in the mouth of the River Tejo |
| 1807 |
17th November - France army of 50.000 soldiers led by General Junot invade Portugal from Alcantara in Spain and take Castelo Branco and Abrantes- Portuguese Royal family and entourage board vessels to take them to Brazil |
| 1807 |
23rd November - France troops enter Abrantes and march towards Lisbon |
| 1807 |
27th November - Portuguese Royal family degrees that Rio de Janeiro as new capital of Kingdom of Portugal - official title is changed from "Kingdom of Portugal and Algarve" to "Kingdom of Portugal, Brazil and Algarve" |
| 1807 |
29th November - French troops led by General Junot enter Lisbon |
| 1807 |
1st December - Spanish army led by General Solano enters Elvas in the Alentejo |
| 1807 |
4th December - English residents in Portugal are by order stripped of their possessions |
| 1807 |
12th December - The King and Queen of the Asturias are forced to abdicate their kingdom by France with the promise that they will be made King and Queen of the North of Portugal |
| 1807 |
13th December - Spanish troops led by General Taranco occupy Porto |
| 1807 |
13th December - Riots in Lisbon when French flag is flown at Castle of São Jorge in Lisbon |
| 1807 |
22nd December - The Marquis de Alorna is appointed as Commander of Northern Portugal |
| 1807 |
23rd December - Napoleon decides that Portugal should pay as a compensation to France a sum of 100 million francs - this was later reduced to 40 million francs on the 1st of February 1808 |
| 1808 |
The Prince-Regent creates in Brazil an economic boom by opening all ports to friendly tade and shipping |
| 1808 |
1st February - The Royal Council of Portugal is dissolved and The Bragança Family are declared by French no longer rulers of Portugal - General Junot declares himself as the official representative of new ruler Napoleon |
| 1808 |
4th February - Napoleon demands a payment of 40 million Francs from Portugal as a payment towards the cost of the war |
| 1808 |
9th February - By order of General Loison nine Portuguese in Caldas da Rainha are summarily executed |
| 1808 |
15th February - The General Junot is appointed Commander-in-Chief of all Portuguese forces and Marquis de Alorna as Inspector General |
| 1808 |
7th March - Dom João and his Court arrive in Rio de Janeiro, Brazil |
| 1808 |
11th March - French troops occupy Elvas |
| 1808 |
17th May - A few hundred leading Portuguese citizens pay homage to General Junot in Lisbon |
| 1808 |
18th May - French trained Portuguese army leaves for France to be incorporated in the French army |
| 1808 |
June - Portuguese Foreign Legion created in the service of France |
| 1808 |
1st June - Portalegre, Castelo de Vide surrender quickly to invaders but Marvão holds firm |
| 1808 |
3rd June - Spanish troops occupy Crato and Flor da Rosa |
| 1808 |
6th June - Northern Portuguese towns and in particular Porto revolt against the French invaders - the revolt spreads throughout Portugal |
| 1808 |
9 June - Camp Maior surrenders after strong defending |
| 1808 |
10th June - Dom João IV in Brazil as Price Regent of Portugal declares war on France |
| 1808 |
21st June - French army led by General Loison are attacked near Mesão Frio |
| 1808 |
25th June - Coimbra is retaken from the occupying French army |
| 1808 |
July - The French army deliberately sacks the towns of Arronches, Elvas, Estremoz, Évora, Leiria, Nazaré, Portalegre and Tomar |
| 1808 |
16th July - Loyal Portuguese forces blockade the Fort of Almeida |
| 1808 |
29th July - The army of General Loison defeat near Évora a combined Portuguese-Spanish force and takes revenge on its citizens |
| 1808 |
1st August - English forces led by General Arthur Wellesley land near Figueira da Foz |
| 1808 |
Peninsular War (1808-1814) |
| 1808 |
General Arthur Wellesley is appointed to lead Anglo-Portuguese army (later becomes Viscount Beresford) |
| 1808 |
16th August - Battle of Roliça - Anglo-Portuguese larger army led by Wellesley defeat French army after fierce battle near Óbidos |
| 1808 |
21st August - Battle of Vimeiro - English army commanded by Wellesley defeat French army led by General Junot - Wellesley awarded title of Conde do Vimeiro |
| 1808 |
30th August - Treaty of Sintra - English commanders agree for defeated French army to depart from Portugal taking their spoils and arms |
| 1808 |
15th September - General Junot and his army sail from Lisbon back to France |
| 1808 |
18th September - English General Dalrymple declares the reinstatement of the Royal Council |
| 1808 |
2nd October - The French forces holding the Fort of Almeida surrender |
| 1808 |
26th December - Sir Samuel Hood and his troops led by General Beresford invade Funchal and take possession from French of Madeira until 1814 |
| 1808 |
A Provisional Junta of the Algarve is created after expelling French troops |
| 1809 |
January - General William Carr Beresford is appointed to reorganise and train Portuguese army |
| 1809 |
10th January - The capital of French Guiana is occupied by Brazilian army |
| 1809 |
28th February - Portugal and England sign a Pact of Alliance and Trade |
| 1809 |
4th March - Second invasion of French army at Caminha and Vila Nova de Cerveira of 40.000 soldiers led by General Soult - by the 24th they had reached Porto |
| 1809 |
3rd March - General Beresford is made Commander-in-Chief of the Portuguese forces |
| 1809 |
12th March - The French forces take town of Montalegre - Battle of Ponte de Saltadouro - and Chaves then Gêres - Battle of Ponte de Misarela |
| 1809 |
16th March - Battle of Salamonde - The French forces defeat the Portuguese army |
| 1809 |
17th March - General Bernardim Freire de Andrade and Governor of Porto accused of treason and murdered by populace near Braga |
| 1809 |
20th March - Portuguese defending Braga defeated by French forces |
| 1809 |
21st March - Portuguese forces retake Chaves |
| 1809 |
22nd March - General Wellesley arrives in Lisbon to take command of English army |
| 1809 |
29th March - The catastrophe of "Ponte das Barcas" in Porto - hundreds die as they flee Porto from French forces across a bridge made of boats which then collapses |
| 1809 |
31st March - French forces take Penefiel |
| 1809 |
18th April - Battle of Bridge of Amarante - The town of Amarante also fails to hold off French army but their defence is exemplary |
| 1809 |
21st April - England agrees to lend Portugal 6 million pounds to finance the fight against the French - the same day an English army led by Wellesley arrive in Lisbon with 17.000 troops |
| 1809 |
25th April - Deputation of leading Braga citizens pay homage to French General Soult |
| 1809 |
2nd May - English and Portuguese army under Wellesley arrive in Coimbra |
| 1809 |
2nd May - The town of Ponte de Lima showed exemplary quality in their failed fight against the invading French |
| 1809 |
8th May - Portuguese army led by General Beresford arrive in Lamego and others led by General Silveira occupy Vila Real |
| 1809 |
12th May - Battle of Moure - Portuguese forces force French forces to retreat to Amarante who then retreat northwards |
| 1809 |
12th May - Battle of Porto - The French occupying army destroyed bridges crossing the River Douro to Porto. Wellesley crosses by boat at Avintes and chases the fleeing French army to the boarder with Spain |
| 1809 |
13th May - Penefiel retaken by General Silveira |
| 1809 |
18th May - The French army retreat from Portugal via Montalegre |
| 1809 |
27th July - Battle of Talavera - Wellesley enters Spain and engages the Spanish and French and makes them retreat - both sides claim victory and Wellesley fails to chase as his supplies are low and returns with his army to Portugal - Wellesley is made Duke of Wellington |
| 1809 |
Viscount Beresford as commander of Portuguese army dominates and strongly influences the rule of the Court due to the absent Regent |
| 1809 |
October - Construction begins on construction of "Linhas de Torres" to the north of Lisbon which later successfully defends the capital against French army |
| 1809 |
Lord Byron temporary resides in town of Sintra near Lisbon |
| 1809 |
27th December - The Masonic Lodges parade through streets in Lisbon |
| 1810 |
Birth of writer and poet Alexandre Herculano (1810-1877) |
| 1810 |
19th February - Portugal and England sign a further Treaty of Peace, Friendship and Trade |
| 1810 |
June - Third invasion of French army this time led by General Massena |
| 1810 |
English reinforcements arrive by boat from England |
| 1810 |
24th July - Battle of Bridge of Côa - English forces under General Robert Crauford create severe casualties and delay the advance of the French troops led by Marshal Ney |
| 1810 |
1st August - Declaration by Marshal Massena that a large French army was invading Portugal from Ciudade Rodrigo in Spain to fight the English army and not the Portuguese |
| 1810 |
15th August - Siege of Almeida - English forces forced to surrender on the 18th of August after heavy bombardment from French forces |
| 1810 |
10th September - 50 leading Portuguese liberals are exiled to the Island of Terceira in Azores for promoting the policies |
| 1810 |
18th September - French army occupies Viseu |
| 1810 |
27th September - Battle of Buçaco - The French army led by Marshal Massena suffers a serious defeat against an inferior number of English and Portuguese troops |
| 1810 |
1st October - French army occupy Coimbra and sack the town |
| 1810 |
7th October - Portuguese troops led by General Trant retake Coimbra |
| 1810 |
Wellesley awarded title of Marquês de Torres Vedras |
| 1810 |
14th October - The French army led by Massena try to penetrate without success the " Linhas de Torres" fortifications at Sobral - they also attempt to cross the river by boat but the Chamusca boatmen burn many of their boats |
| 1810 |
29th October - General Silveira encircles the Fort of Almeida - he retreats on the 13th as superior French reinforcements arrive |
| 1810 |
15th November - French army short of supplies withdraws to Santarém |
| 1810 |
30th December - Battle of Bridge of Abade - General Silveira engages with the French army led by General Clarapède near Lamego |
| 1811 |
11th January - Battle of Vila de Ponte - French army engage with the Portuguese army near to Montalegre |
| 1811 |
19th January - Battle of Rio Maior - French army engage with the Portuguese army under the command of General Campbell |
| 1811 |
4th March - French invading army start to withdraw from Portugal |
| 1811 |
5th March - Battle of Barrosa (Spain) - Portuguese troops participate in the defeat of French army near Cadiz |
| 1811 |
8th March - French forces led by Marshal Mortier encircle Campo Maior - the town surrenders on the 21st of March |
| 1811 |
10th March - The town of Badajoz in Spain falls to the French |
| 1811 |
11th March - Battle of Pombal - Anglo-Portuguese army led by Duke of Wellington engage with French forces led by Marshal Ney |
| 1811 |
13th March - Marshal Soult rejoins his troops at Badajoz |
| 1811 |
14th March - Battle of Casal Novo - The Duke of Welling engages with French army under Marshal Ney |
| 1811 |
15th March - Towns of Albuquerque and Valência de Alcântara are occupied by French troops |
| 1811 |
16th March - Battle of Foz de Arouce - The Anglo-Portuguese army under Duke of Wellington defeat French army and force them to retreat |
| 1811 |
22nd March - Marshall Massena concentrates his French army around Guarda and Belmonte |
| 1811 |
23rd March - Marshal Ney opposes plans of Marshal Massena and takes his troops out of Portugal |
| 1811 |
25th March - General Beresford retakes possession of Campo Maior |
| 1811 |
13th March - Marshal Soult rejoins his troops at Badajoz |
| 1811 |
3rd April - Battle of Sabugal - Duke of Wellington defeats French troops led by Marshal Messena who then orders their eventual retreat out of Portugal and back to France in 1813 |
| 1811 |
11th May - French troops defending Fort of Almeida retreat |
| 1811 |
13th May - General Beresford granted title of Conde de Trancoso |
| 1811 |
16th May - Battle of Albuera - Combined Portuguese-Spanish-English force led by General Beresford defeat French army under Marshal Soult near Badajoz in Spain |
| 1811 |
19th May - Anglo-Portuguese troops encircle Badajoz - this action is abandoned on the 17th of June |
| 1812 |
16th March - Siege and Battle of Badajoz (Spain) - English army based in Elvas commenced their siege in March but it was not until the 6th April that the town of Badajoz was taken after the English losing in the action more than 10% of their men due to strong French resistance |
| 1812 |
3rd April - French army led by Marshal Marmont invade Portugal |
| 1812 |
6th April - French troops fail to take Fort de Almeida |
| 1812 |
8th April - French troops encircle Castelo Branco |
| 1812 |
13th April - The villages of Pedragão and Medelim are sacked by French troops |
| 1812 |
14th April - Battle of Guarda - French cavalry and Portuguese forces clash and are defeated suffering losses |
| 1812 |
24th April - Marshal Marmont decides to withdraw his army from Portugal |
| 1812 |
12th June - Renewal of Treaty of Friendship between Portugal and Russia |
| 1812 |
13th June - An Anglo-Portuguese army under Wellington enter Spain to commence the Salamanca Campaign |
| 1812 |
17th June - The Anglo-Portuguese army under Wellington enter town of Salamanca - all Forts in the area are captured in the next ten days |
| 1812 |
22nd July - Battle of Salamanca - French army of Marshal Marmont defeated by Anglo-Portuguese army |
| 1812 |
17th August - Wellington leads his army into Madrid - French army retake the City on 2nd of November and stay there until abandoning it on June 12the the following year |
| 1812 |
Combined Portuguese and English army (and also Spanish), led by Wellesley chase French army across Spain and after being defeated at the Battle of Victoria the French army returns to France |
| 1812 |
USA ship "General Armstrong" and English fleet battle in the Bay of Horta, Azores |
| 1814 |
30th May - First Treaty of Paris - Portugal agrees to return Guiana |
| 1814 |
26th August - General Beresford returns to Portugal to seek power |
| 1815 |
22nd January - Portugal and England sign a Treaty abolishing slave trade between Africa and northern of the Equator |
| 1815 |
Congress of Vienna - the Alentejo town of Olivença was agreed to be returned to the possession of Portugal - this agreement was never acted upon |
| 1815 |
20th November - The Four Alliance Pact commits France to pay 2 million Francs in compensation for the wars |
| 1815 |
16th December - Creation of the United Kingdom of Portugal, Brazil and Algarve |
| 1816 |
20th March - Dom João VI (1816 - 1826) - Royal Court residing in Brazil |
| 1816 |
2nd June - General Beresford is appointed to rebuild the Portuguese army in Portugal in the absence of Dom João VI |
| 1816 |
28th September - Dona Maria Isabel (daughter of Dom João IV) is given in marriage to her uncle Don Fernando VII of Spain |
| 1816 |
16th December - Brazil is recognised as its own Kingdom |
| 1817 |
20th January - Brazilian army under General Carlos Frederico Lecor take Montevideo in Uruguay |
| 1817 |
March - Brazilian Republican Movement seizes control of Permanbuco but capitulates after 10 weeks |
| 1817 |
24th May - Liberal conspiracy led by General Gomes Freire de Andrade, a leading Liberalist and grandmaster of the Freemasonry Movement - he is arrested and executed on 17th October |
| 1817 |
7th September - Dom Pedro (IV) son of Dom João VI receives title of Prince of Brazil |
| 1818 |
22nd January - The "O Sinédrio Lodge", a group of mainly army conspirators is founded in Porto which later leads to the Revolution of 1820 |
| 1818 |
24th August - Army officers in Porto proclaim a Republican Revolution - their main objective is to remove General Beresford from power and bring back the "Braganças" to Portugal to replace the Council of Regency |
| 1818 |
Marriage of Dom Pedro (IV) with Dona Leopoldina of Austria |
| 1818 |
"Treaty of Paris" - The town of Olivença and its surrounding area is declared to be Portuguese territory but Spain refuses to comply |
| 1819 |
Birth of Dona Maria (II) in Rio de Janeiro, (17th) Duquesa de Bragança (1819-1853) |
| 1820 |
Death of military officer and liberal thinker Gomes Freire and head of the Masonic Order in Lisbon - he strongly opposed the English influence under Marshal Beresford, commander-in-chief of the Portuguese forces |
| 1820 |
3rd April - Royal Family and Court return from Brazil to rule from Lisbon under a more Liberal regime - Dom Pedro the son of Dom João VI stays in Brazil to ensure its rule |
| 1820 |
Island of Terceira declare in favour of Dom Pedro IV against Dom Miguel (I) |
|
1820 |
4th July - The first liberal Constitution was presented by a self-appointed Provisional Government in the absence of the King's control |
| 1820 |
Liberal movement gains strength from support by Masonic Lodges |
| 1820 |
13th August - General Beresford sails to visit Dom João VI in Brazil |
| 1820 |
24th August - Liberal led riots with army officers participating occur in Porto against English influence and control of Portuguese authorities by Marchal Bereford who is absent visiting Brazil and the King - this is the start of years of civil unrest (1820-1834) |
| 1820 |
24th August - Rebel "Junta Provisório do Governo Supremo do Reino" is organised in Porto led by Brigadier António da Silveira Pinto da Fonseca |
| 1820 |
15th September - Liberal led riots occur in Lisbon in sympathy with those earlier in Porto - rebel Military Junta takes over control in Lisbon and the Regency Council is dismissed |
| 1820 |
27th September - The two Juntas meet in Alcobaça and form one "Junta Provisório do Governo Supremo do Reino" |
| 1820 |
10th October - General Beresford return from England but is not allowed to disembark |
| 1820 |
11th November - A Liberal Junta is formed in Lisbon but is overturned on the 17th placing the previous Ministers back in power |
| 1820 |
22nd November - Elections are held for choosing new members of the "Cortes" |
| 1821 |
24th January - The "Cortes" meet in Lisbon and decide to make a new Constitution to curnb the powers of Monarchy and the Church |
| 1821 |
30th January - A new Regent's Council is formed in Lisbon to act on behalf of absent Dom João VI |
| 1821 |
12th February - A law is issued giving amnesty to all persons that have been persecuted since 1807 for their political ideas |
| 1821 |
9th March - A new Constitution is prepared |
| 1821 |
20th March - The Inquisition (Tribunal do Santo Ofício), is abolished |
| 1821 |
20th March - Foundation of Banco de Lisboa |
| 1821 |
22nd April - Dom João VI appoints Dom Pedro as his Regent in Brazil and on the 26th he and his court set sail for Portugal |
| 1821 |
5th May - The possessions of the Crown are declared national property |
| 1821 |
3rd June - Dom João VI and his court leave Brazil and arrive back in Portugal on 3rd July with Dom Miguel (I) - Dom Pedro IV remains as Regent in Brazil |
| 1821 |
August - The Bank of Brazil declares bankruptcy |
| 1821 |
30th September - A new Constitution is proclaimed by Dom João VI providing a mixture of reforms and restrictions |
| 1821 |
29th September - The "Cortes" demand that Dom Pedro be brought form Brazil to Portugal - the Brazilians request for him to stay in Brazil |
| 1822 |
15th June - Proposal to amend Portuguese Constitution in view of the crisis in Brazil defeated and Portuguese troops stationed in Brazil recalled to Portugal |
| 1822 |
7th September - Brazil proclaims itself to be an independent Kingdom to Portugal and Dom Pedro is declared as its Emperor on the 13th October |
| 1822 |
23rd September - Dom João VI introduces a new Constitution |
| 1822 |
12th October - Dom Pedro acclaimed Emperor in Brazil |
| 1822 |
The first Municipal free elections in Tomar |
| 1822 |
November - The new more Liberal Constitution causes civil unrest with division of opinion by the public |
| 1823 |
23rd February - Anti-Liberal revolt by Conde de Amarante and followers in Vila Real |
| 1823 |
29th February - The assassination of the Liberal minded Duque de Loulé who was in favour of the new Constitution and a close adviser to Dom João VI |
| 1823 |
31st May - Dom João VI publicly proclaims his rejection to absolute power and his respect for the liberties of the individual |
| 1823 |
23rd May - Conde de Amarante leads a military uprising in Vila Franca de Xira in favour of monarchy |
| 1823 |
27th May - Dom Miguel (I) who is a hard-line "absolutist" and encouraged by his mother the Queen, raises an army based in Vila Franca de Xira against the new Constitution - this action is named "Vila-fra |
