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8th Period - Second Dynasty of Portugal -
House of Avis
(14th Century to 16th Century)
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| 14th C. |
-- |
| 1385 |
Battle of Valverde - Nuno Álvares Pereira fight Castile army in Spanish territory |
| 1385 |
Battle of Aljubarrota - Dom João (I) as Master of Avis with his general Nuno Álvares Pereira heavily defeats Castile army |
| 1385 |
Birth of historian Fernão Lopes (1385? - 1460?) |
| 1385 |
6th April - João I acclaimed as the King in Coimbra (1385-1433) - (First of House of Avis) - Spain does not accept this claim of the Portuguese throne |
| 1386 |
Dona Leonor Teles wife of Fernando I dies in exile in Valladolid in Castile |
| 1386 |
17th May - Treaty of Windsor - Peace Pact made between Dom João I and King Richard II of England |
| 1387 |
February - Treaty of Babe - Marriage in Porto of Dom João I to Philippa of Lancaster, daughter of John of Gaunt (son of Edward III) |
| 1388 |
Marriage of Don Afonso V of Spain with Catherina, the daughter of Duke of Lancaster |
| 1388 |
Peace is re-established between Portugal and Castile |
| 1388 |
Construction commenced on Monastery of Saint Maria de Vitória at Batalha |
| 1389 |
February - Dom João invades Castile and occupies Tui |
| 1389 |
Peace Treaty of Trancoso - signed between Portugal and Castile for a period of ten years |
| 1390 |
Don Juan of Castile declares to his court that he is still the King of Portugal - he dies on 9th October of the same year |
| 1390 |
Construction commenced on Guarda cathedral |
| 1391 |
31st October - Birth of Dom Duarte (1391-1438) |
| 1393 |
Due to hostility between Portugal and Castile a new Peace Treaty was agreed between them extending the previous Period of Peace to fifteen years |
| 1394 |
4th February - Birth of Dom Henrique in Porto later to be know as "Henry the Navigator" (1394-1460) |
| 1396 |
Portugal breaks Peace Agreement by its army taking Badajoz |
| 1397 |
Castile army enters Viseu and set fire to its buildings |
| 1396 |
Don Dinis of Castile acclaims himself as King of Portugal |
| 1396 |
Portuguese army takes Badajoz and invades Galicia and then captures the towns of Salvalterra and Tui |
| 1398 |
Don Dinis of Castile invades Portugal but has to turn back in the face of opposition shown by Portuguese army led by Nuno Álvares Pereira |
| 15th C. |
-- |
| 1401 |
Marriage of João's illegitimate son (later to be granted the title of Duque of Bragança) with Beatriz daughter of Nuno Álvares Pereira |
| 1401 |
Peace is restored between Portugal and Castile for ten years with a pardon granted to Portuguese that sided with Castile - however, their property is then confiscated |
| 1402 |
As hostility had again occurred between Portugal and Seville a new Peace Treaty was agreed between Portugal and Castile for a ten year period |
| 1403 |
A further period of peace is established between Portugal and Castile and Portugal hands back Badajoz and Tui, Castile hands back Bragança and Miranda |
| 1403 |
29th September - Birth of Dom Fernando in Santarém, 2nd Duque de Bragança (1403-1478), Governor of Ceuta in North Africa |
| 1405 |
Dona Beatriz and bastard daughter of João I marries the English Earl of Arundel |
| 1411 |
31st October - Peace Treaty of Segovia - Agreement between Spain and Portugal and all property previously confiscated returned to the nobles |
| 1415 |
18th July - Queen Dona Filipa de Lancaster died in Odivelas |
| 1415 |
25th July - Portuguese Armada sail from Lisbon for Africa with the Dom João I and his sons, Dom Duarte, Dom Pedro, Dom Henrique and Dom Afonso, plus the Nuno Álvares Pereira |
| 1415 |
21st August - Capture of town of Ceuta in Morocco by the Portuguese led by Dom Henrique (Duque de Viseu) - the Mosque is turned into a Christian temple |
| 1418 |
Dom Henrique appointed Governor of the Algarve |
| 1418 |
The Portuguese controlled town of Ceuta in Africa is besieged by Moor army (1418-1419) |
| 1418 |
Discovery of island of Porto Santo (Madeira Islands) |
| 1419 |
Landing on Island of Madeira by João Gonçalves Zarco and Tristão Vaz Teixeira |
| 1419 |
Treatise "Leal Conselheiro" issued by King Duarte on court behaviour |
| 1420 |
Dom Henrique appointed Governor of the Order of Christ |
| 1420 |
The first attempt to create a settlement on the Island of Madeira |
| 1421 |
October - Castile finally recognises Dom João I as King of Portugal |
| 1421 |
The creation of the Diocese of Ceuta in Africa |
| 1422 |
João I degrees that the Christian calendar is officially adopted |
| 1424 |
Infante Dom João marries his niece Dona Isabel Pereira |
| 1424 |
Dom Fernando de Castro leads an expedition to the Canary Islands with support from the Pope |
| 1427 |
Diogo da Silves first sights the Azores |
| 1428 |
Marriage of Dom Duarte to Dona Leonor, daughter of Don Fernando I of Aragon |
| 1430 |
Birth of Dom Fernando, 3rd Duque de Bragança (1430-1483), executed by the King for treason (He married Dona Isabel the sister of Dom Manuel I) |
| 1431 |
1st April - Nuno Álvares Pereira dies in Lisbon |
| 1431 |
October - Peace Treaty of Medina del Campo - Castile and Portugal enter into a real period of friendly relationship |
| 1432 |
15th January - Birth of Afonso (V) in Sintra (1432-1481) |
| 1432 |
Peace Treaty agreed between Portugal and Castile |
| 1432 |
Gonçalves Velho Cabral arrives in Santa Maria, Azores |
| 1433 |
14th August - Duarte (1433 - 1438) |
| 1434 |
Lei Mental - Law issued to ensure the continuation of the House of Avis in that any issue of the royal family may ascend to the throne - this law also governed the inheritance rights of the assets of the throne |
| 1434 |
Gil Eanes sails around Cape Bojador (Western Sahara) - an important event to the further exploration of Africa |
| 1436 |
Portugal applies to Pope Eugene IV for his favourable decision to possess the Canary Islands - the Pope avoids a definite decision |
| 1436 |
"Cortes" held in Évora demanded a military expedition to expand Portuguese territory in Africa |
| 1437 |
Infante Dom Fernando (successor to the Portuguese throne), taken prisoner in the failed capture of Tangiers by invading Portuguese army |
| 1438 |
9th September - Afonso V (1438 - 1481) - his mother Dona Leonor of Aragon appointed Regent |
| 1438 |
"Cortes" of Leiria fail in their attempt to agree in the method of recovering the release of Infante Dom Fernando |
| 1439 |
"Cortes" of Lisbon appoint Dom Pedro as Regent and Dona Leonor is exiled to Castile |
| 1439 |
Dom Henrique orders the Azores Islands be populated |
| 1440 |
Castile encourage Dona Leonor to reinstate herslf as Queen of Portugal - this plot fails and Dona Leonor is forced to flee to Castile via Crato |
| 1440 |
Dom Fernando de Castro leads a further expedition to the Canary Islands |
| 1441 |
Dona Leonor abandons Portugal for Castile |
| 1441 |
"Cortes" are held in Torres Vedras |
| 1441 |
Construction of first Slave Market building in Europe in Lagos, Algarve |
| 1442 |
Dom Afonso, the Conde of Barcelos is awarded the title of Duque de Bragança |
| 1442 |
Bartolomeu Dias discovers the Cape Verde Islands |
| 1443 |
5th July - Infante Dom Fernando dies in captivity in Fez in Africa - his remains returned to be buried in Portugal in 1471 |
| 1445 |
21st May - Dona Joana, sister of Dom Afonso V, marries Henrique IV of Castile |
| 1445 |
Dona Leonor and the Regent of Afonso V dies in Toledo in Spain |
| 1445 |
Dom Afonso (V) and his half-brother Dom Pedro, the Duque de Bragança, clash for the first time |
| 1445 |
Álvaro Fernandes sails past Cape Verde |
| 1445 |
First "factory" established in West Africa at Argium |
| 1446 |
Dom Afonso V - acclaimed as the King in Lisbon |
| 1446 |
The Infante Dom Henrique grants the Island of Porto Santo in Madeira to Bartolomeu Perestrelo |
| 1447 |
Marriage of Dom Afonso V with Dona Isabel (his cousin and daughter of Dom Pedro of Coimbra) |
| 1448 |
Castle built at Arguim in Africa |
| 1449 |
20th may - Battle of Alfarrobeira - war between Dom Afonso V supported by the Duke of Bragança, and Dom Pedro (the King's uncle-in-law and the also the Duque of Coimbra - the later being killed during this battle) |
| 1449 |
Battle of Touro (Nancy) |
| 1452 |
18th June - "Dum Diversos" - The Pope published a Bull allowing Portugal to permanantly enslave non-Christians |
| 1452 |
Discovery by Diogo de Teive of the Islands of Flores and Corvo (Azores) |
| 1452 |
Dona Leonor marries the German Emperor Frederico III |
| 1455 |
Dona Joana marries Don Henrique IV of Castile |
| 1455 |
3rd March - Birth of João (II) in Lisbon (1455-1495) |
| 1456 |
Discovery by Diogo Gomes of Cape Verde Islands |
| 1456 |
Dom Afonso V and Don Henrique IV meet to agree a Peace Treaty |
| 1458 |
24th August - Conquest of Alcácer Sequer by Dom Afonso V in North Africa in which Dom Henrique IV took an active part - a combined force of 25.000 men |
| 1460 |
13th November - Death of Dom Henrique (Henry the Navigator) in Sagres |
| 1460 |
Discovery of Sierra Leone and Guinea |
| 1460 |
Birth of scientist Duarte Pacheco Pereira (1460-1533) |
| 1461 |
Afonso V makes a pact with Christian I of Denmark to explore the Artic Ocean |
| 1461 |
Birth of Afonso de Albuquerque (1461?-1515) |
| 1462 |
Settlement created on Santiago Island (Cape Verde Islands) |
| 1463 |
Dom Afonso V organises military attempts to capture Tangiers without success (1463-1464) |
| 1465 |
Birth of dramatist Gil Vicente (1470?-1536?) |
| 1466 |
First slaves taken to Madeira to work in sugar plantations |
| 1468 |
Flemish settler Josse van Huertere appointed Master of Island of Faial, Azores |
| 1468 |
Creation of Diocese of Tangiers |
| 1468 |
Birth of explorer Pedro Alvares Cabral (1468?-1520?) |
| 1468 |
Birth of explorer Vasco da Gama (1468?-1524) |
| 1469 |
Kingdoms of Castile and Aragón are united by marriage of Dona Isabel and Dom Fernando - officially declared in 1479 |
| 1469 |
31st of May - Birth of Manuel (I) in Alcochete (1469-1521) |
| 1470 |
Birth of poet Gil Vicente (1470-1536) |
| 1470 |
Discovery of Island of São Tomé |
| 1470 |
Birth of explorer Pêro de Covilhã (1470?-1527?) |
| 1471 |
22nd January - Marriage of João (II) to his cousin Dona Leonor and daughter of the Duque de Viseu |
| 1471 |
18th August - Dom João once more sails with his troops to North Africa and capture by Portuguese of Fort of Arzila and also a short occupation of Tangier in North Africa |
| 1472 |
"Cortes of Coimbra" Important reforms in regard to defence of the realm and justice implemented |
| 1473 |
Madeira Island of "Desertas" and "Porto Santo" given to the Duque de Viseu and Beja |
| 1474 |
18th May- Birth of Dom Afonso to Dom João II |
| 1474 |
Upon the death of Don Henrique IV of Castile, Dom Afonso V of Portugal suggest that he defends the claim of his niece to the Castile throne |
| 1474 |
Anti-Aragonese party in Castile urge Dom Afonso V to marry Dona Joanna of Castile |
| 1475 |
Birth of painter Grão Vasco (1475-1515) |
| 1475 |
29 May - Dom Afonso travels to Plasência to marry his niece Dona Joana (he at 43 and she at 13), and made claim to the Kingdom of Castile |
| 1475 |
20 June - Outbreak of hostilities between Portugal and Castile (1475-1480) - due to Dom Afonso V designs on the Castile throne |
| 1475 |
23rd September - Treaty signed between Dom Afonso V and Luis XI of France recognising the former as the inheritor of the throne of Castile |
| 1476 |
2nd March - Battle of Toro - This battle concerning the succession of the throne of Castile resulted in the army of Dom Afonso V being severely defeated by Castile army |
| 1476 |
Dom Afonso V travels to France to unsuccessfully seek support of his desire to join the kingdoms of Portugal and Castile into one |
| 1477 |
Dom Afonso V abdicated in favour of his son but reinstated himself as King and retracted his abdication |
| 1477 |
16th April - Dom Afonso V instructs his son Infante Dom João to commence war against Castile |
| 1477 |
Christopher Columbus lived in Lisbon and unsuccessfully petitioned the Crown to fund his intended travel of exploration |
| 1478 |
Spanish Inquisition commences and Jews are forced to accept the Christian faith so they start fleeing to Portugal |
| 1479 |
Christopher Columbus married Filipa Perestrello e Moniz and lived on Porto Santo Island, Madeira |
| 1479 |
February - the army of Dom Afonso V defeated in battle by Castile army |
| 1479 |
4th September - Treaty of Alcáçovas - peace declaration between Dom Afonso V and Castile - the Canary islands are ceded to Castile |
| 1479 |
Birth of Dom Jaime, 4th Duque de Bragança (1479-1532), vice-King of India |
| 1480 |
Treaty of Toledo - Ratification of Treaty of Alcáçovas and the division of world territories between Portugal and Spain - also an accord to combine their forces to rid the Peninsular of Moorish occupation |
| 1480 |
Birth of explorer Fernão de Magalhães (1480?-1521) |
| 1480 |
Laws forbidding Jews to live outside designated areas introduced (Jeweries), in Castille - Jews in 1492 were then expelled from the country |
| 1480 |
Establishment of first printing press in Leiria |
| 1481 |
28th August - João II (1481 - 1495) |
| 1481 |
João II successfully puts down attempted revolt within his court |
| 1481 |
João II calls a "Corte" in Évora and introduces new laws to curb the powers of the ruling aristocracy and leading families such as the Duque de Bragança |
| 1481 |
João II terminated system of "Cortes" |
| 1482 |
Peace agreement signed between Castile and Portugal |
| 1483 |
21st June - João II publicly executes Dom Fernando, 3rd Duke of Bragança for treason in Évora and the Crown confiscates his possessions - the Marquês de Montemor and the Conde de Faro escape capture |
| 1484 |
28th August - João II personally executes for treason Dom Diogo, Duke of Viseu and Beja and the Crown confiscated his possessions - the Bishop of Évora is also beheaded |
| 1484 |
Diogo Cão reaches mouth of River Congo in Africa |
| 1484 |
Explorer João Afonso of Aveiro reaches Benin in Africa |
| 1484 |
Explorer Christopher Columbus fails to receive backing form Dom João II for his plans of exploration so moves onto Castile |
| 1485 |
Rejection by João II of petition by Christopher Columbus to voyage to India |
| 1485 |
Dom João II adds to his royal titles the country of Guinea |
| 1485 |
Construction begins on Hospital Spa of Caldas da Rainha |
| 1485 |
Dom João II send a delegation to the Pope to protest his devotion to Rome |
| 1485 |
The Duque of Viseu is stabbed to death |
| 1486 |
Creation of an state organisation to control the slave trade |
| 1486 |
Pope Innocent VIII aids Portuguese pretensions to possess Morocco by issuing a Papal Bull in support of this idea |
| 1486 |
The town of Azamor occupied by Portuguese forces and the Kingdom of Benin is taken by João Afonso de Aveiro |
| 1487 |
Failed Portuguese military expedition to Arafé in Morocco |
| 1488 |
Bartolomeu Dias sails around the Cape of Good Hope |
| 1488 |
Afonso de Paiva and Pêro da Covilhã search for the mythical "Prester John" in Africa |
| 1489 |
Treaty of Windsor between Portugal and England renewed |
| 1489 |
Fort built at Larache in Africa but quickly falls to the Moors |
| 1489 |
Portuguese establish a Fort near Arzila in Morocco, Africa |
| 1490 |
System of "Cortes" re-established and held in Évora |
| 1490 |
Infante Dom Afonso contracted to marry Dona Isabel of Castile in Évora |
| 1490 |
Some 600 leading Spanish Jew families paid for the right to live in Portugal - later to be followed by 60.000 under more lenient conditions |
| 1491 |
Infante Dom João dies after falling from his horse, leaving the succession to the throne in question - Dom Manuel, Duque de Beja and Master of the Order of Christ and also brother of Queen Leonor, is nest in line for the throne |
| 1491 |
Pêro de Barcelos and João Fernandes Lavrador land in North America |
| 1491 |
Martins Lopes travels overland to Asia |
| 1491 |
Portugal establishes the first Catholic church in the Congo |
| 1492 |
Christopher Columbus arrives in Northern America voyage financed by Castile |
| 1492 |
Pêro de Barcelos and João Fernandes Lavrador discover Lavrador |
| 1492 |
Jews expelled from Castile and Aragón take refuge in Portugal |
| 1493 |
The Pope Alexander VI issues two Bulls establishing the division of the world between Christians and non-Christians |
| 1493 |
Christopher Columbus visits Azores and then travels via Lisbon onto Castile seeking further support |
| 1494 |
João II revokes the act of "Lei de Seismarias (1375)" |
| 1494 |
Pêro da Covilhã reaches Ethiopia |
| 1494 |
Treaty of Tordesillas - division boundary of known world revised by Portugal and Castile |
| 1495 |
25th October - Manuel I (1495 - 1521) |
| 1495 |
Beginning of period known as "Discoveries" in discovering the more of the world |
| 1495 |
Portuguese make a enclave in Greenland |
| 1496 |
Marriage contracted between Dom Manuel I with Dona Isabel of Castile - widow of Don Afonso |
| 1496 |
Birth of João de Barros (1496?-1570) |
| 1496 |
Dom Manuel I forces Jews to leave Portugal unless they convert to Christianity - this action was made as a condition of the marriage of Dona Isabel of Castile to Dom Manuel I |
| 1497 |
October - Marriage of Dom Manuel I to Dona Isabel, widow of Don Alfonso of Castile |
| 1497 |
Vasco da Gama sails for India |
| 1497 |
A new law is introduced forbidding both Jews and Muslims from public worship of their own faiths |
| 1498 |
Death of Queen Dona Isabel in Aragon and - wife of Dom Manuel I, whilst giving birth to her son Miguel de Paz - Dom Manuel leaves his son in Aragon and returns to Portugal |
| 1498 |
Christopher Columbus embarks on his third journey to America |
| 1498 |
28th March - Dom Manuel I travels to Castile to further his claim for the throne of Castile |
| 1498 |
20th May - Vasco da Gama reaches Calcutta, India |
| 1498 |
Dom Manuel I grants the land at Belém to the Order of São Jerómino to build their monastery |
| 1498 |
Laws providing some protection to "new-Christians" introduced |
| 1498 |
Queen Dona Leonor creates the charity "Misericórdia de Lisboa" |
| 1498 |
Construction begins on the Aqueduct in Elvas but only completed in 1622 |
| 1499 |
Portuguese explorers Gaspar and Miguel Corte Real reach Newfoundland, Labrador and Nova Scotia (1499-1502) |
| 1499 |
12th May - The clauses of the Treaty of Windsor are adjusted and agreed by Dom Manuel I and King Henry VII of England |
| 1499 |
Fernão de Melo is granted all rights for the Island of São Tomé |
| 1499 |
7th January - Triumphant return of vessels of Vasco da Gama's expedition from his voyage to the east - his return is delayed in the Azores due to the death of his brother |
| 16th C. |
-- |
| 1500 |
The infant son of Dom Manuel I, Dom Miguel de Paz, dies in Aragon - the plans to join Portugal and Castile together under one crown is placed on hold |
| 1500 |
Manuel I orders forced conversion by Jews in Portugal to the Christian faith |
| 1500 |
Portuguese forces capture Azamor and Safim in Morocco |
| 1500 |
The Island of Madagascar is encountered |
| 1500 |
10th March - Pedro Álvares Cabral sails for Brazil on Easter Day |
| 1500 |
22nd March - Pedro Álvares Cabral sights the coast of Brazil on Easter Day - firstly named "Terra de Vera Cruz", then changed to "Terrra de Santa Cruz", and changed again to "Terra do Brazil" |
| 1500 |
20th May - Marriage agreement between Dom Manuel I and Infanta Dona Maria of Castile, the fourth daughter of Don Ferdinand and Dona Isabella of Castile |
| 1500 |
The University of Coimbra is founded |
| 1501 |
Afonso Gonçalves with Américo Vespúcio sail to explore the coast of Brazil |
| 1501 |
Portuguese settlement of fishermen is establish in Newfoundland |
| 1501 |
Construction begins on Palace at Vila Viçosa |
| 1501 |
Construction begins on Monastery of Jerónimos in Belém |
| 1501 |
Birth of João (III) in Lisbon (1503-1557) |
| 1502 |
João de Nova discovers Ascension Islands, Saint Helena Island, and Tristan da Cunha Island |
| 1502 |
Birth of Damião de Goís (1502-1558) |
| 1502 |
Birth of mathematician Pedro Nunes (1502-1578) |
| 1503 |
The islands of Seychelles in encountered |
| 1503 |
Construction commences in Sintra on the Mosteiro de Nossa Senhora da Pena |
| 1504 |
Birth of Dom Teodósio, 5th Duque de Bragança (1504-1563) |
| 1504 |
Duarte Pacheco Pereira captures Calcutta in India |
| 1505 |
Dom Manuel I names Dom Francisco de Almeida as the first vice-King of India - Dom Francisco then develops the profitable eastern spice trade |
| 1505 |
Construction by Portugal of a castle at Agadir in Morroco |
| 1505 |
Birth of scientist Garcia de Orta (1505-1568) |
| 1505 |
A strong earthquake is registered in the Lisbon area |
| 1506 |
Pope Julio II gifts the award of "Golden Rose" to Dom Manuel I |
| 1506 |
Manuel I places royal protection on "new-Christians" (converted Jews) as a wave of anti-Judaism encouraged by Dominican priests sweeps Lisbon and killing 4.000 in three days |
| 1506 |
João de Nova discovers Tristan da Cunha Island |
| 1507 |
Conquest of Ormuz on the coast of Iran |
| 1507 |
Death of Dom Lourenço de Almeida in naval battle off Chaul in India by Egyptian fleet |
| 1508 |
Construction by Portugal of a castle at Mogador in Morocco |
| 1508 |
Conquest of Safim |
| 1508 |
Arzila is besieged by Moors |
| 1508 |
The town of Funchal is established in Madeira |
| 1509 |
Portuguese fleet under Dom Francisco de Almeida severely damages Egyptian fleet off the coast of India and captures Diu |
| 1509 |
Afonso de Albuquerque is appointed as vice-King of India |
| 1510 |
January - Afonso de Albuquerque fails to take Calicut so decides to take Goa and make it the capital of Portuguese influence |
| 1511 |
25th July - Conquest of Malacca in Asia by Afonso de Albuquerque |
| 1511 |
Goa retaken by Indian forces led by King Adil Khan |
| 1511 |
Birth of explorer Fernão Mendes Pinto (1511?-1583) |
| 1512 |
Birth of Dom Henrique in Lisbon (1512-1580) |
| 1512 |
A strong earthquake is registered in the Lisbon area |
| 1512 |
A Portuguese Factory is established at Calcutta |
| 1513 |
Vasco Nuñes Balbão encounters Pacific Ocean |
| 1513 |
João Dias de Solis commences his exploration of coast of Brazil |
| 1513 |
Conquest of Azamor and Aden |
| 1513 |
Trading post established at Canton in China |
| 1514 |
Construction of Fort at Mazagão |
| 1514 |
Pope Leo X gifts the award of "Golden Rose" to Dom Manuel I |
| 1514 |
Portugal's first trade mission arrives in China led by Jorge Álvares |
| 1515 |
Catholic missionaries enter Benin |
| 1515 |
Loss of Fort of Mamora to Moors in Morocco |
| 1515 |
Afonso de Albuquerque captures the Island of Ormuz (1515-1622) - he dies the same year |
| 1515 |
Construction begins of Torre de Belém outside Lisbon |
| 1516 |
Occupation of Timor |
| 1516 |
21st June - A fleet carrying troops led by Cristavão Jacques is sent to Brazil to defend the territory against attacks from France |
| 1516 |
Commencement of rule in Spain of Emperor Charles V (1515-1556) |
| 1517 |
Death of Queen Dona Maria wife of Dom Manuel I |
| 1518 |
Portuguese Fort built at Colombo (Siri Lanka/Ceylon) |
| 1518 |
Marriage of Dom Manuel I to Dona Leonor (sister to Don Carlos I of Spain) |
| 1519 |
Fernão de Magalhães (1480-1521), sets sail to make first circumnavigation of the world |
| 1519 |
Dom Manuel I grants to Vasco da Gama the title of "Conde da Vidiqueira" |
| 1520 |
Religious preacher Luther excommunicated by Pope |
| 1520 |
Birth of Dom Teodósio, 5th Duke of Bragança (1520-1563) |
| 1520 |
Fernão de Magalhães reaches into the Pacific Ocean - he dies on the 7th April 1521 at Cebu in the Philippines |
| 1521 |
13th December - João III (1521 - 1557) |
| 1521 |
Ferdinand Magellan reaches the Philippines |
| 1522 |
January - France suggests that their Princess Carlota, the daughter of King Francis I, enter into a marriage contract with the Infante Dom João |
| 1522 |
Dom João III signs a Peace Agreement with Don Carlos 1 (Emperor Carlos V) of Spain |
| 1522 |
Dom João III negotiates with Spain an agreement that Dona Catarina daughter of Don Carlos I of Spain) enters into marriage with him and his sister, Dona Isabel, marries Don Carlos I |
| 152 |
Fort is constructed at Ternate in the Malacca Islands |
| 1524 |
13th April - Portugal and Spain agree on the division of the Malacca Islands |
| 1524 |
Birth of traveller and poet Luís Vaz de Camões (1524-1580) |
| 1524 |
Vasco da Gama is nominated as vice-King of India - he dies the same year in Cochin |
| 1525 |
Pope Clement VII awards the "Golden Rose" to Dom João III |
| 1525 |
Marriage of João III with Dona Catarina of Austria |
| 1525 |
Death of Queen Dona Leonor |
| 1525 |
Estevão Gomes in the service of Spain explores from Newfoundland to Cheapskate |
| 1526 |
11th March - Marriage of Dona Isabel of Portugal with Don Carlos I of Spain |
| 1526 |
Jorge de Menezes reaches New Guinea |
| 1526 |
Dom João III sponsors 50 scholarships for student to study in Paris |
| 1527 |
Birth of Felipe (I) in Valladolid (1527-1598) |
| 1528 |
Purchase of Malacca's (Spice Islands), from Spain |
| 1528 |
Birth of Frei Heitor Pinto in Covilhã (1528-1584) |
| 1529 |
Treaty of Saragossa - Dom João enters into a new agreement with Don Carlos I of Spain in relation to the possession of the Malacca Islands |
| 1530 |
Birth of Fernão Álvares (1530-1600?) |
| 1530 |
20th November - Martim Afonso de Sousa is given powers to extend the occupied territory in Brazil - he arrives with his men in Brazil on the 3rd February 1531 |
| 1530 |
Marriage of Dona Leonor widow of Dom Manuel I to King Francis I of France |
| 1531 |
A strong earthquake is registered throughout Portugal and part of Lisbon is destroyed |
| 1531 |
Birth of Dom António in Lisbon, Piro do Crato (1531-1595) |
| 1531 |
The Catholic's introduces the Inquisition into Portugal |
| 1532 |
Jews and "New Christians" are forbidden to leave Portugal |
| 1532 |
Settlement by Portuguese in Brazil at their first town named São Vicente - the cultivation of sugar is commenced |
| 1533 |
7th April - Pope Clement VII grants pardons to Portuguese Jews at the request of Dom João III |
| 1533 |
Inhabitants revolt in Porto Santo, Madeira |
| 1534 |
Conquest of Baçaim in India |
| 1534 |
Fort constructed at Diu in India |
| 1534 |
Foundation of "Society of Jesus" by Ignacio de Loyola - Jesuits |
| 1535 |
Diu and Baçaim are ceded to Portugal by the Sultan of Badur |
| 1536 |
Death of dramatist Gil Vicente |
| 1536 |
23rd May - Introduction of Portuguese Inquisition by order of Pope Paulo III |
| 1534 |
Foundation of "Society of Jesus" by Ignacio de Loyola - Jesuits |
| 1537 |
University is moved for the final time from Lisbon back to Coimbra |
| 1538 |
Moslems and Hindus besiege Diu in India - Dom Garcia de Noronha as vice-King of India is sent with troops to lift the siege |
| 1539 |
Fernão Mendes Pinto sails on his first voyage to discover the Far East |
| 1540 |
17th April - The first Jesuit priests are installed in Portugal |
| 1540 |
Earl of Essex sacks town of Faro in the Algarve and plunders the library of rare books from the Bishop's Palace |
| 1541 |
The Inquisition commences its public "auto-de-fé" ceremonies against religious heretics and other suspects |
| 1541 |
Portugal abandons Safim and Azamor |
| 1542 |
Portugal gives up its conquered towns in northern Africa |
| 1542 |
6th May - Portuguese missionaries including Francisco Xavier enter Goa |
| 1542 |
Portuguese ships reach Japan - first recorded Europeans to reach Japan |
| 1542 |
Construction of the Convento da Arrábida near Setúbal |
| 1543 |
Portuguese forces retake Goa |
| 1543 |
Marriage of Don Felipe (I) to Dona Maria his cousin and daughter of João III of Portugal |
| 1543 |
Birth of Dom João, 6th Duke of Bragança (1520-1563), later married to Dona Catarina, granddaughter if King Manuel I and sister of Dom Henrique |
| 1543 |
Francisco Zeimoto, António Peixoto and António da Mota, arrive in Japan and commence trading |
| 1545 |
Dom João de Castro appointed Governor of India |
| 1545 |
Dom Henrique appointed Cardinal |
| 1545 |
25th September - Francisco Xavier arrives in Malacca |
| 1546 |
August - Second besiegement of Diu in India by Sultan Mafamude but Portuguese troops arrive in November to relieve the well defended Fort |
| 1547 |
Peace Treaty signed between the King of Fez in Africa and Dom João III |
| 1547 |
The Pope issues a Bull authorising the Portuguese Inquisition to be modelled on the Spanish version |
| 1548 |
Dom António qualifies from Coimbra University |
| 1549 |
Portugal creates the garrison of Alcácer-Seguiar in Morocco |
| 1548 |
Dom António qualifies from Coimbra University |
| 1549 |
29th March - Tomé de Sousa arrives in Brazil as the first Governor General - he founds the capital Salvador da Baía |
| 1549 |
Jesuit mission is established in in Japan by Francis Xavier |
| 1550 |
Portugal losses control of Azila |
| 1550 |
Portuguese traders commence trading with China in Macau |
| 1551 |
Work begins on Fort de Bordez to defend Goa |
| 1551 |
Pope Julio III grants the "Golden Rose" to Infante Dom João son of Dom João III |
| 1552 |
Dom João III and Carlos I of Spain meet to organise their defence against attacks from French and Turkish pirates |
| 1552 |
Marriage of Infante Dom João with Infanta Joana daughter of Carlos I of Spain |
| 1553 |
Works begins on Forts Bacain in India |
| 1553 |
Dom Duarte da Costa as the new Governor General of Brazil arrives with Jesuit missionaries |
| 1554 |
Death of Infante Dom João the next in-line for the throne of Portugal |
| 1554 |
20th January - Birth of Dom Sebastião in Lisbon - in a political move his mother Dona Joana moves back to Spain three months after the birth and never sees her son again |
| 1554 |
25th January - Foundation of the Colégio de São Paulo in Brazil which caused the later creation of the city |
| 1554 |
Marriage of Don Felipe (II) of Spain to Mary Tudor of England |
| 1556 |
Don Felipe II becomes King of Spain (1556-1598) - and later King Felipe I of Portugal |
| 1556 |
Don Carlos I (ex-King of Spain), fails in his attempt to influence the line of succession to the throne of Portugal |
| 1557 |
16th June - Sebastião (1557 - 1578) - Dona Catarina of Austria assumes Regency for Dom Sebastião until 1562 |
| 1557 |
Chinese grant Portugal trading port of Macau to Portugal for protection against pirates |
| 1558 |
Death of Dona Catarina in Yuste |
| 1558 |
Conquest of São Sebastião in Mozambique |
| 1559 |
Conquest of Damão and Bombay is ceded by China to Dom Constantino de Bragança, vice-King of India |
| 1559 |
Paula Dias de Novais sails with missionaries to Angola |
| 1559 |
Jesuit University established in Évora by Cardinal Dom Henrique |
| 1560 |
Marriage of Don Felipe (II) to Isabel de Valois |
| 1560 |
Paulo Dias de Novais creates the town of São Paulo de Luanda - the first European city south of the Equator |
| 1560 |
15th March - Portuguese troops expel French from Baía de Guanabara in Brazil |
| 1560 |
The Pope authorises the introduction of the Inquisition into Goa |
| 1560 |
Marriage of Felipe (I) to Ana de Áustria |
| 1560 |
Construction of the Convento dos Capuchos in Sintra |
| 1561 |
First edition by Fernão Álvares Seco of the oldest know map of Portugal |
| 1561 |
15th March - Assassination of Gonçalves da Silveira in Zimbaue, Africa |
| 1561 |
As a result of English pirates harassing Portuguese vessels Portugal confiscates English owned property in Portugal - the property is re-instated when Dom Sebastião later needs assistance from England. |
| 1562 |
After Dona Catarina of Austria abandons Regency of Sebastião and the Cardinal Dom Henrique is elected Regent until 1568 |
| 1562 |
Dom Henrique introduces the Council of State |
| 1562 |
7th May - Battle of Mazagão - Portugal defends town of Mazagão against heavy attack by Moors led by Mohamed Almotavaquil |
| 1564 |
Re-conquest of Fort at Pinhão de Belem on the north coast of Africa |
| 1565 |
Spain occupies the Philippines |
| 1566 |
French pirates sack Funchal killing many of its inhabitants |
| 1566 |
22nd December - Cardinal Dom Henrique, Dom Sebastião, and the Spanish King meet at Mosteiro de Guadalupe in Spain for forming mutual defence policy and marriage contract between of Dom Sebastião and and a daughter of Dom Felipe I of Spain |
| 1568 |
Sebastião comes of age and takes control of his Kingdom |
| 1567 |
King of Achén besieges Malacca |
| 1568 |
Dom Sebastião comes of age and is crowned King |
| 1568 |
Birth of Teodósio, 7th Duque de Bragança (1568-1630) |
| 1569 |
Nagasaki in Japan starts trading with Portuguese |
| 1569 |
Portugal abandons Mazagão |
| 1569 |
English traders start shipping slaves from West Africa coast |
| 1569 |
Marriage of Felipe (II) with Margarida de Áustria |
| 1569 |
28th February - Dom Sebastião and Felipe II of Spain meet to agree on repatriation of criminals between the two countries |
| 1569 |
A fever epidemic sweeps Portugal and particularly in Lisbon |
| 1570 |
Dom Sebastião issues orders that the freedom of Brazilian Indians should be respected |
| 1570 |
Marriage of Don Felipe (I) to Ana of Austria |
| 1570 |
French pirates again sack Funchal |
| 1570 |
French fleet sink boats carrying Jesuit Priests to Brazil |
| 1570 |
Luís de Camões returns from his travels to the Orient |
| 1570 |
Goa in India is attacked by Indian army but they are repelled |
| 1571 |
Law passed stating that only Portuguese vessels could carry items destined for any Portuguese colony |
| 1571 |
Portuguese trading post established at Nagasaki |
| 1571 |
Francisco Barreto leads an unsuccessful expedition of about 1000 men to explore the east coast to the north of Mozambique |
| 1571 |
7th October - Battle of Lepanto - Turkish fleet is defeated by Spanish fleet commanded by Don João of Austria giving Spain control over the Mediterranean |
| 1572 |
Publication of the classic "Os Lusíadas" by Luís de Camões |
| 1572 |
13th September - Bad weather destroys French fleet at entrance to River Tagus in their attempt to threaten Portugal |
| 1573 |
Dom Sebastião travels through the Alentejo and the Algarve |
| 1574 |
Dom Sebastião travel for the first time to North Africa |
| 1576 |
Dom Sebastião and Don Felipe II meet in Guadalupe to agree on joining their troops into one force against the Moors |
| 1577 |
Dom Sebastião occupies Arzila in Morocco |
| 1578 |
4th August - Battle of Alcácer-Quibir - Dom Sebastião and his army are defeated and the King disappears in the battle and is never again seen - about 8.000 killed and 15.000 taken prisoners |
| 1578 |
Birth of Don Felipe in Madrid (II of Portugal, and III of Spain) |
| 1578 |
27th August - Cardinal Dom Henrique (1578 - 1580) |
| 1579 |
February - As there is no direct heir to the throne many nobles and leading Lisbon citizens show tacit approval for Portugal to be ruled by Spain after death of Dom Henrique |
| 1579 |
Another fever sweeps Portugal and some 50.000 people die in Lisbon |
| 1579 |
18th June - Frontier town of Elvas declares in favour of Don Felipe as new King of Portugal - Santarém inhabitants declare in favour of Dom António and they march on Lisbon |
| 1580 |
"Cortes" of Almeirim meet unsuccessfully to choose a successor to the throne |
| 1580 |
10th June - Death of Luís de Camões |
| 1580 |
Dom António, Prior de Crato (1580) - Inherits the throne but is never crowned and is the last in the line of the House of Avis |
| -- |
-- |
| 7th Period |
First Dynasty of Portugal - Burgundy (12th Century to 14th Century) |
| 9th Period |
Third Dynasty of Portugal - Habsburg (16th Century to 17th Century) |
| |
Return to Index of History Periods |
Legend
Rulers
|
NOTE
The above was compiled by Michael Tannock from published information
in the Portuguese language. While every care was taken in obtaining the above
facts some conflicting dates, information and spelling were encountered.
In such cases, our own discretion was used in choosing which facts
to publish.
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