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13th Period - Third Republic of Portugal
(20th and 21st Century)
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20th C. |
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Military Administration
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| 1974 |
25th April - Left-wing "Armed Forces Movement" (MFA) mount a successful coup - led on the day by Otelo Saraiva de Carvalho supported by the left wing "Movemento das Capitães" (CCP) - the Portuguese people rally in support of the coup - Marcelo Caetano and Admiral Américo Tomaz are sent to Brazil And to exile - the Revolution is given the name of "Revolução dos Cravos" due to the populace placing flowers in the mussles of soldiers guns |
| 1974 |
25th April - The "Junta de Salvação Nacional" is appointed by the military leaders - José Pinheiro de Azevedo, Carlos Galvão Melo, Diogo Neto, Jaime Silvério Marques, António Rosa Coutinho, António Spínola and Francisco da Costa Gomes |
| 1974 |
25th April - António Sebastião Ribeiro de Spínola appointed President of a Military "Junta de Salvação Nacional" - they had to share governing power with the MFA and particularly with the CCP |
| 1974 |
28th April - Leader of Socialist Party Mário Soares returns from Paris |
| 1974 |
Most main leading right-wing families flee Portugal and others are placed under arrest - their assets and bank accounts are frozen - MFA take over the impressive gold reserves of Bank of Portugal gathered under Salazar |
| 1974 |
Self-appointed left-wing vigilantes create road blocks to stop ring-wing supporters escaping |
| 1974 |
Secret Political Police (DGS) immediately abolished |
| 1974 |
Individuals or workers committees take possession of businesses and also foreign owned agricultural land in the Alentejo - and in some cases private homes |
| 1974 |
Álvaro Cunhal leader of Communist Party returns from Moscow |
| 1974 |
Past thriving Tourist Industry brought to a virtual standstill throughout Portugal |
| 1974 |
16th May - Adélino da Palmo Carlos appointed Prime Minister of 1st left-wing Provisional Government |
| 1974 |
May - the two bodies (CCP and Provisional Government) work together as Council of State |
| 1974 |
May - the elite military force of COPCON is created with 5.000 men to act as political police and led by Major Otelo Saraiva de Carvalho |
| 1974 |
Banks and Tax Offices instructed to assist generally in credit matters to individuals |
| 1974 |
Prime Minister Adélino da Palma Carlos dismissed due to policy more in favour of politicians than the military |
| 1974 |
18th July - Vasco dos Santos Gonçalves appointed Prime Minister of 2nd, left-wing Provisional Government |
| 1974 |
16th August - Supporters of Mozambique held a meeting which was forcibly broken up by the Police and one militant died and four others were wounded by bullets |
| 1974 |
25th August - Workers at TAP go on strike and COPCON is used to enforce the MFA decision that they must continue working - in this COPCON failed |
| 1974 |
12th September - Workers at LISNAVE go on strike and COPCON is used to enforce the MFA decision that they must continue working - by September 28th the MFA back down |
| 1974 |
28th September - António de Spinola attempts a "coup d'etat" for a more moderate political regime and is foiled by "Comando Operacional das Forces Armadas" (COPCON) and left wing extremists - General Spinola resigns - The "Movimento das Forces Armadas" (MFA) virtual gains control of the political scene |
| 1974 |
30th September - Francisco da Costa Gomes appointed President supported by MFA members (1974-1976) |
| 1974 |
30th September - Vasco dos Santos Gonçalves appointed Prime Minister of 3rd, left-wing Provisional Government |
| 1974 |
October - Communist Party consolidates there hold on the MFA, administrative posts, Trade Unions and businesses run by the "workers committee" |
| 1974 |
4th November - right-wing CDS Party headquarters in Lisbon gutted by extreme left-wing activists |
| 1975 |
7th December - The ex-colony of Timor was invaded and occupied by Indonesian forces only 9 nine days after being granted independence by Portugal |
| 1975 |
January - large farms in the Alentejo owned by absent landlords occupied by rural workers |
| 1975 |
January - a series of potentially explosive left-wing demonstrations were avoided at the last hour by an agreement reached between Mário Soares of the Socialist Party and Álvaro Cunhal of the Communist Party |
| 1975 |
Agreement between USA and Russia about future of Portuguese colonies in Africa |
| 1975 |
A meeting takes place in Haga (Sweden) of leading European politicians supporting a democratic path in Portugal to Socialism |
| 1975 |
15th January - Alvor Accord - Granting future independence to Portuguese African Colonies - although Angola signed the Treaty it soon rescinded from participation |
| 1975 |
25th January - The right-wing CDS Party mounts a Congress in Porto which is attacked by extreme left-wing activists - COPCON and GNR become involved against each other then a truce is called after casualties created on all sides |
| 1975 |
March - key industries, most banks, utilities and support services are all nationalized |
| 1975 |
8th March - The moderate PPD Party holds a Congress in Setúbal - clashes from the extreme left-wing produced a final result of one dead and thirty wounded |
| 1975 |
11th March - a surprise right-wing military coup led by General António de Spinola with the support of paratroops units and the GNR fails after dropping bombs on left-wing army barracks and and he flees into exile in Brazil - the left-wing population of many cities mounted street barricades in defence of the government and rampages for three days |
| 1975 |
26th March - Vasco dos Santos Gonçalves appointed Prime Minister of 4th, left-wing Provisional Government |
| 1975 |
"Junta Nacional de Salvação" replaced by "Council de Revolucão" of 240 strong left-wing military radicals |
| 1975 |
8th April - COPCON arrests 28 leading military for the 11th March attempted coup |
| 1975 |
23rd April - Left-wing peasants occupy Herdade da Torre Bela, largest agricultural estate in Portugal (1975-1978) |
| 1975 |
25th April - Elections are held but the outcome produced no change as the State continued to be run by a coalition of the left-wing and the MFA |
| 1975 |
22nd May - Socialist paper República run by Raul Rego closed down by extreme left-wing workers |
| 1975 |
27th May - Rádio Renascença occupied by extreme left-wing |
| 1975 |
28th May - Extreme left-wing leader Arnaldo Matos (MRPP) and 400 hundred supporters arrested by COPCON |
| 1975 |
June - Emergence in northern Portugal of extreme right-wing ELP Party (Exército de Libertacão Português) |
| 1975 |
11th June - right-wing fire bombing commences in the north of Portugal and the local inhabitants start staging pro-right sympathy |
| 1975 |
30th June - 80 members of disbanded Secret Political Police (DGS) escape from prison |
| 1975 |
3rd July - All media is passed under control of Council of Revolution - COPCON to control all central telephone exchanges |
| 1975 |
5th July - Cape Verde Islands was granted independence by Portugal |
| 1975 |
10th July - Socialist Party resigns from 4th Provisional Government |
| 1975 |
16th July - PPD Party resigns from 4th Provisional Government |
| 1975 |
7th August - "Group of Nine" leading military officers from MFA issue Manifesto on non-alignment to extreme Socialism |
| 1975 |
8th August - Vasco dos Santos Gonçalves appointed Prime Minister of 5th, left-wing Provisional Government |
| 1975 |
8th August - Key industries and support services are all nationalized |
| 1975 |
22nd August - Headquarters of Communist Party in Porto sacked and set fire |
| 1975 |
23rd August - Other offices of extreme left-wing Parties in north of Portugal sacked and set on fire |
| 1975 |
24th August - Extreme left-wing Parties demonstrate in Évora in support of Vasco dos Santos Gonçalves |
| 1975 |
August - exiled Portuguese colonialists and pro-Portuguese native Africans swell the population of unemployed people in Portugal creating further economic strain |
| 1975 |
25th August - Left-wing soldiers demonstrate with extreme left-wing workers in Lisbon |
| 1975 |
27th August - Demonstration by "Soldados Unidos Vencerão" (moderate left-wing soldiers) in support of President Francisco da Costa Gomes in Lisbon |
| 1975 |
30th August - Offices of Communist Party in Barcelos sacked and set fire |
| 1975 |
30th August - Manufactures of Beer are nationalized |
| 1975 |
September - Mozambique becomes an Independent State |
| 1975 |
19th September - José Pinheiro de Azevedo appointed Prime Minister of 6th Provisional Government (1975) |
| 1975 |
27th September - angry mob enter and loot the Spanish Embassy |
| 1975 |
October - East Timor becomes an Independent State and then is violently annexed by Indonesia |
| 1975 |
1st November - land occupation by workers now totalled over 1.000.000 hectares |
| 1975 |
11th November - Angola becomes an Independent State |
| 1975 |
25th November - a military radical left-wing coup fails due to action taken by moderate left-wing Colonel António dos Santos Ramalho Eanes who declared State of Emergency and took control of MFA, COPCON and the Commando units |
| 1975 |
26th November - COPCON disbanded and Otelo Saraiva de Carvalho is stripped of his power and 200 extreme left-wing military arrested |
| 1975 |
28th November - The radical left-wing military and their supporting politicians lose their control to the larger central left-wing military body |
| 1976 |
April - new Constitution is proclaimed |
| 1976 |
23rd June - Vasco Leotte de Almeida Costa (1976) |
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Democratic Voting System Re-introduced |
| 1975 |
23rd July - Mário Alberto Nobre Lopes Soares with the coalition of the Partido Socialista/AD Parties, elected Prime Minister of 1st Constitutional Government (1977) |
| 1975 |
Coalition between Socialists and CDS (Central Democratic Party) Parties fails |
| 1975 |
Political instability during the summer |
| 1976 |
14th July - António dos Santos Ramalho Eanes becomes President (1976-1980) |
| 1977 |
27th December - 1st Constitutional Government led by Mário Albero Nobre Lopes Soares falls |
| 1978 |
23rd January - Mário Alberto Nobre Lopes Soares with the PS elected Prime Minister of 2nd Constitutional Government (1978) |
| 1978 |
28th August - Alfredo Nobre da Costa elected Prime Minister of 3rd Constitutional Government (1978) |
| 1978 |
22nd November - Carlos Alberto de Mota Pinto of PSD becomes Prime Minister of 4th Constitutional Government (1978-1979) |
| 1979 |
1st August - Maria de Lurdes Ruivo da Silva Matos Pintoassilgo and Socialist sympathiser becomes Prime Minister of 5th Constitutional Government (1979-1980) |
| 1979 |
3rd January - Francisco Manuel Lumbrales de Sá Carneiro of the PPD/PSD Party becomes Prime Minister of 6th Constitutional Government of the Democratic Alliance (1980-1981) |
| 1980 |
December - Prime Minister Francisco Sá Carneiro dies in a suspicious plane crash in suburbs of Lisbon |
| 1980 |
4th December - Diogo Pinto Freitas de Amaral of CDS Party becomes Interim Prime Minister (1980-1981) |
| 1980 |
December - António Ramalho Eanes re-elected as President (1980-1986) |
| 1981 |
9th January - Francisco José Pereira Pinto Balsemão of PSD Party becomes Prime Minister of 7th Constitutional Government (1981) |
| 1982 |
A more moderate Constitution introduced |
| 1982 |
Francisco Pinto Balsemão resigns and elections are called |
| 1983 |
9th June - Mário Alberto Nobre Lopes Soares becomes Prime Minister with a coalition of Socialist and PSD Parties elected Prime Minister of 9th Constitutional Government (1983-1985) |
| 1983 |
The Convent and Temple of Christ in Tomar declared as a World Heritage site |
| 1984 |
Carlos Lopes wins first Marathon Gold Medal at Olympics in Los Angeles |
| 1984 |
20th June - Otelo Saraiva de Carvlaho, hero of the Revolution is arrested for participation in "Forças Populares 25 de Abril" |
| 1985 |
Government falls due to split between Socialist and PSD over Presidential candidate |
| 1985 |
6th November - Aníbal António Cavaco Silva of the PSD Party with a coalition with right-wing CDS Party becomes Prime Minister of 10th Constitutional Government (1985-1987) |
| 1986 |
9th March - Mário Alberto Nobre Lopes Soares becomes President (1986-1996) - (first civilian President in over 60 years) |
| 1986 |
1st January - Portugal is accepted into the European Community |
| 1987 |
17th August - Aníbal António Cavaco Silva becomes Prime Minister of 11th Constitutional Government on the re-election of the PSD Party (1987-1991) |
| 1988 |
Rosa Mota wins Marathon Gold Medal Olympic Games in Seoul |
| 1991 |
31st October - Aníbal António Cavaco Silva becomes Prime Minister of 12th Constitutional Government on the re-election of the PSD Party (1991-1995) |
| 1992 |
1st January - Portugal assumes Presidency of the CCE for the first time |
| 1995 |
28th October - António Manuel de Oliveira Guterres and Socialist Party elected (1995-1999) |
| 1996 |
9th March - Jorge Sampaio elected as President (1996-2001) |
| 1997 |
7th February - Portugal formally signs the Maastricht Teaty
and becomes a member of the European Union |
| 1998 |
22nd May - Expo 98 opens in Lisbon |
| 1998 |
José Saramago awarded Nobel Prize for Literature |
| 1999 |
1st January - Portugal hands the territory of Macau back to China |
| 1999 |
António Manuel de Oliveira Guterres becomes Prime Minister of 13th Constitutional Government as the Socialist Party is re-elected (1999-2002) |
| 1999 |
The ex-Portuguese colony of Timor was liberated from the occupation of by Indonesian forces after 24 years |
| 1999 |
Otelo Saraiva de Carvalho placed on trail for terrorist activity after 1975 |
| 21st C. |
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| 2000 |
2nd times that Portugal assumes Presidency of the EU |
| 2001 |
Jorge Sampaio re-elected as President (1996-2006) |
| 2001 |
Bridge collapses in northern Portugal killing over 70 people on March 4th |
| 2001 |
Portugal decriminalizes drug use |
| 2002 |
1st January - Portugal introduces the Euro as its trading currency and becomes a fully-fledged member of the European Union |
| 2002 |
6th April - José Manuel Durão Barroso becomes Prime Minister of 13th Constitutional Government as PSD Party is elected (2002-2004) |
| 2002 |
3rd September - Carlos Cruz, Carlos Silvina, Hugo Marçal, Manuel Abrantes, Ferreira Diniz and Jorge Ritto are convicted for sexually abusing children in the
orphanage Casa Pia in Lisbon - they are sent to prison for 18 years for many
offences dating back to the 1990s |
| 2003 |
Porto wins UEFA Cup - first Portugal team European football victory in 16 years |
| 2003 |
Portugal suffers serious damage from countryside fires in August |
| 2004 |
November - Trial of 6 prominent people accused of child sex in Care Homes begins |
| 2004 |
UEFA European Championships held in Portugal - Portuguese team reaches final |
| 2004 |
June - José Manuel Durão Barroso resigns from government as he is elected to EU Commission President |
| 2005 |
17th July - Pedro Miguel de Santana Lopes becomes Interim Prime Minister in place of Durão Barroso (2004-2005) |
| 2005 |
12th March - José Sócrates Carvalho Pinto de Sousa becomes Prime Minister of 13th Constitutional Government as Socialist Party is elected (2005-2009) |
| 2005 |
25th May - António Manuel de Oliveira Guterres is elected as UN High Commissioner for Refugees |
| 2005 |
Most of Portugal again suffers serious damage from countryside fires during the summer |
| 2006 |
9th March - Anibal António Cavaco Silva becomes President (2006-) |
| 2006 |
June - Portugal reaches the semi-finals in the World Football Cup |
| 2007 |
1st July - 3rd time Portugal assumes Presidency of the EU |
| 2007 |
13th December - Treaty of Lisbon - The EU new policy was signed by all members in Lisbon but subject to ratification by individual members |
| 2009 |
12th March - José Sócrates Carvalho Pinto de Sousa becomes Prime Minister of 14th Constitutional Government as Socialist Party is re-elected in a minority government (2009-) |
| 2009 |
1st December - "Treaty of Lisbon" The EU new policy was officially inaugurated with mutual consent of all members |
| 2011 |
6th March - Pedro Manuel Mamede Passos Coelho becomes Prime Minister of 15th Constitutional Government as PSD Party is elected in a minority government (2009-2015) |
| 2012 |
July - Portugal has to borrow from the International Monetary Fund the sum of 79 billion Euros to meet its financial commitments |
| 2012 |
15th September - Over a million people take to the streets in Lisbon to protest against new Taxes and unemployment |
| 2013 |
2nd March - In excess than a million people throughout Portugal demonstrate in the streets against economic hardships |
| 2013 |
27th June - General strike supported by Unions resulted in massive street turnout
demonstrating against Troika and the Government |
| 2014 |
December - José Manuel Durão Barroso stands down as President of the EU |
| 2014 |
Portugal suffers during the year from many high-level corruption cases among politicians, lawyers and bankers |
| 2014 |
21st November - José Sócrates Carvalho Pinto de Sousa (ex-Prime Minister), is arrested for corruption, tax evasion and money laundering |
| 2015 |
October - After three weeks of indecision Pedro Manuel Mamede Passos Coelho becomes Prime Minister of 16th Constitutional Government as PSD Party is again elected in a minority government (2015). Within days he fails to win a
vote of confidence and his government is defeated. |
| 2015 |
19th November - After two weeks of indecision President Cavaco Silva appoints António Costa as Prime Minister with an left-wing amalgamation, creating a majority of PS with
all Communists Parties. |
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| 12th Period |
Second Republic of Portugal (20th Century) |
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Presidents
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NOTE
The above was compiled by Michael Tannock from published information
in the Portuguese language. While every care was taken in obtaining the above
facts some conflicting dates, information and spelling were encountered.
In such cases, our own discretion was used in choosing which facts
to publish.
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